Understanding the mechanisms at the basis of the charge/discharge characteristics of cathode materials is mandatory for lithium-ion and post-lithium-ion batteries optimal development. Here, we theoretically propose bipolarization of cathode particles, as a noble governing mechanism for charge-discharge behaviors, capable to justify many phenomena including the voltage hysteresis (VH) and the first-charge cycle overvoltage, etc. The here proposed original approach is based on previous models, simple concepts and experimental evidences. After representation of the approach, two important phenomena are explained in view of it. The first charge cycle overvoltage is justified by the bipolarization mechanism. VH phenomenon is caused by bipolarization and subsequently neutralization of the particles. Ab-initio calculations are used to estimate VH values based on the approach and the results are in agreement with our experiments. Our approach sheds light on the relevant characteristics of cathode materials cycling properties and allows designing strategies for optimization of the characterizations by controlling and engineering the mechanism. As practical results, different parts of V-C curvature and their corresponding reactions could be distinguished. Accordingly, a new assessment field is opened to determine quality of the cathode powder, electrode preparation and cell assembling. This paper is a foundation to justify other observed phenomena including memory-effect, voltage overshooting, beginning/ending of (dis)charge curvatures and different obtained voltage for one cathode etc.

对于锂离子和后锂离子电池的最佳开发，必须了解基于正极材料充电/放电特性的机理。在这里，我们从理论上提出阴极颗粒的双极化，作为一种良好的充放电行为调节机制，能够证明许多现象，包括电压滞后（VH）和首次充电周期过电压等。本文提出的原始方法基于以前的模型，简单的概念和实验证据。在表示该方法之后，鉴于此，解释了两个重要现象。第一个充电周期过电压由双极化机制证明。VH现象是由颗粒的双极化和随后的中和引起的。Ab-initio计算用于根据该方法估算VH值，其结果与我们的实验一致。我们的方法揭示了阴极材料循环特性的相关特性，并允许通过控制和设计机理来设计用于优化表征的策略。作为实际结果，可以区分VC曲率的不同部分及其相应的反应。因此，打开了一个新的评估领域来确定阴极粉末，电极制备和电池组装的质量。本文是证明其他观察到的现象的依据，包括记忆效应，电压过冲，（放电）曲率的开始/结束以及一个阴极获得的不同电压等。一个新的评估领域打开，以确定阴极粉末，电极制备和电池组装的质量。本文是证明其他观察到的现象的依据，包括记忆效应，电压过冲，（放电）曲率的开始/结束以及一个阴极获得的不同电压等。一个新的评估领域打开，以确定阴极粉末，电极制备和电池组装的质量。本文是证明其他观察到的现象的依据，包括记忆效应，电压过冲，（放电）曲率的开始/结束以及一个阴极获得的不同电压等。