Supercooling has recently emerged as a highly promising, multi-scale technique for low-temperature preservation of organs and tissues, preventing damaging ice formation while requiring relatively low doses of added cryoprotectants. However, current supercooling techniques are not thermodynamically stable; mild agitations can cause rapid and destructive ice formation throughout the system, rendering them unsuitable for transportation and sharply limiting applicability outside the controlled laboratory environment. In this experimental study, we report a simple thermodynamic alteration to standard supercooling protocols, the use of constant-volume (isochoric) conditions, which substantially increases the stability of the system in the face of various macroscopic perturbations, including drop-impact, vibration, ultrasonication, and thermal fluctuation. We identify this effect as driven by a possible combination of thermodynamic and kinetic factors, including reduction of microscopic density fluctuations, elimination of the air–water interface, and significant resistance to cavitation.Supercooling has recently emerged as a highly promising, multi-scale technique for low-temperature preservation of organs and tissues, preventing damaging ice formation while requiring relatively low doses of added cryoprotectants. However, current supercooling techniques are not thermodynamically stable; mild agitations can cause rapid and destructive ice formation throughout the system, rendering them unsuitable for transportation and sharply limiting applicability outside the controlled laboratory environment. In this experimental study, we report a simple thermodynamic alteration to standard supercooling protocols, the use of constant-volume (isochoric) conditions, which substantially increases the stability of the system in the face of various macroscopic perturbations, including drop-impact, vibration, ultrasonication, and thermal fluctuation. We identify this effect as driven by a possible combination of thermodynamic and kinetic factors, including reduction of microscopic density fluctuations, eli...

中文翻译：

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等容条件增强亚稳态过冷水的稳定性

过冷最近已成为一种非常有前途的多尺度技术，用于器官和组织的低温保存，防止破坏性冰的形成，同时需要相对低剂量的添加冷冻保护剂。然而，目前的过冷技术在热力学上并不稳定。轻微的搅动会导致整个系统迅速形成破坏性的冰，使它们不适合运输，并严重限制了受控实验室环境之外的适用性。在这项实验研究中，我们报告了对标准过冷协议的简单热力学改变，使用恒定体积（等容）条件，这大大提高了系统在面对各种宏观扰动时的稳定性，包括跌落冲击、振动、超声波处理，和热波动。我们认为这种效应是由热力学和动力学因素的可能组合驱动的，包括微观密度波动的减少、空气-水界面的消除和对空化的显着抵抗。 过冷最近已成为一种非常有前途的多尺度技术用于器官和组织的低温保存，防止破坏性冰的形成，同时需要相对低剂量的添加冷冻保护剂。然而，目前的过冷技术在热力学上并不稳定。轻微的搅动会导致整个系统迅速形成破坏性的冰，使它们不适合运输，并严重限制了受控实验室环境之外的适用性。在本实验研究中，我们报告了对标准过冷协议的简单热力学改变，使用恒定体积（等容）条件，这大大提高了系统在面对各种宏观扰动时的稳定性，包括跌落冲击、振动、超声波处理和热波动. 我们认为这种效应是由热力学和动力学因素的可能组合驱动的，包括微观密度波动的减少，消除...