Amongst various porous materials, noble metal aerogels attract wide attention due to their concurrently featured catalytic properties and large surface areas. However, insufficient understanding and investigation of key factors (e.g. reductants and ligands) in the fabrication process limits on-target design, impeding material diversity and available applications. Herein, unveiling multiple roles of reductants, we develop an efficient method, i.e. the excessive-reductant-directed gelation strategy. It enables to integrate ligand chemistry for creating gold aerogels with a record-high specific surface area (59.8 m² g⁻¹), and to expand the composition to all common noble metals. Moreover, we demonstrate impressive electrocatalytic performance of these aerogels for the ethanol oxidation and oxygen evolution reaction, and discover an unconventional organic-ligand-enhancing effect. The present work not only enriches the composition and structural diversity of noble metal aerogels, but also opens up new dimensions for devising efficient electrocatalysts for broad material systems.

在各种多孔材料中，贵金属气凝胶因其同时具有催化性能和大表面积而备受关注。然而，在制造过程中对关键因素（例如还原剂和配体）的了解和调查不足，限制了目标设计，从而阻碍了材料的多样性和可用的应用。在本文中，揭示了还原剂的多种作用，我们开发了一种有效的方法，即过量还原剂定向的胶凝策略。它能够整合配体化学，以创建具有创纪录的高比表面积（59.8 m ² g ^-1的金气凝胶）），并将其成分扩展到所有常见的贵金属。此外，我们展示了这些气凝胶对乙醇氧化和氧气释放反应的令人印象深刻的电催化性能，并发现了非常规的有机配体增强作用。目前的工作不仅丰富了贵金属气凝胶的组成和结构多样性，而且还为设计适用于广泛材料系统的高效电催化剂开辟了新的领域。