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Forest Roads from the Perspective of Managerial Accounting—Empirical Evidence from Austria
Forests ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.3390/f11040378
Philipp Toscani , Walter Sekot , Franz Holzleitner

State-of-the-art forest management requires an adequate opening-up in terms of forest roads. In addition to the increased efficiency of harvesting operations, a higher road density may trigger other positive and negative side-effects. Austria has a long tradition of forestry, and also of monitoring the economic performance of forest enterprises by means of forest accountancy data networks. Using these almost unique preconditions, this research paper approaches the topic of forest roads from a managerial accounting perspective. Based on a specially designed report, the results for the fiscal years 2008–2017 were investigated. On average, Austrian forest enterprises larger than 500 ha report a road density of 50.5 m/ha. The yearly net cost of forest roads, including depreciation and reduction of revenue, is 32.4 €/ha. The pure maintenance cost amounts to 27.9 €/ha on average. The annual investment in forest roads accounts for 9.4 €/ha. Whereas the enterprises’ average annual cost of maintenance is 0.63 €/m, the actual maintenance cost of forest roads is 5.6 €/m. To cover the ongoing costs of maintenance, 12.1% of the allowable annual cut is needed. Grouping the analyzed enterprises according to different attributes, namely size of forest land, production conditions, coherence of estate, average slope, and share of forest land requiring cable yarding, showed some statistically significant differences in the maintenance costs of forest roads. In almost all of the tested groupings, significant differences of maintenance costs (expressed as €/ha, €/m3 felling volume, or €/m) were found. However, an initially expected significant correlation between road density and harvesting cost could not be established. The challenges brought about by the trend towards a bioeconomy on the one hand and climate change on the other most likely further enhance the significance of the opening-up of forests and the efficiency of road maintenance.

中文翻译:

管理会计视角下的林道-来自奥地利的经验证据

最先进的森林管理要求在林道方面充分开放。除了提高收割效率外,更高的道路密度还会引发其他积极和消极的副作用。奥地利拥有悠久的林业传统,并且还通过森林会计数据网络来监控森林企业的经济绩效。利用这些几乎独特的前提条件,本研究论文从管理会计的角度探讨了林道的主题。根据一份特别设计的报告,对2008-2017财政年度的结果进行了调查。平均而言,奥地利500公顷以上的林业企业的公路密度为50.5 m / ha。林道的年净成本(包括折旧和收入减少)为32.4欧元/公顷。纯维护成本平均为每公顷27.9欧元。每年对林道的投资为9.4欧元/公顷。企业的平均年维护成本为0.63€/ m,而林道的实际维护成本为5.6€/ m。为了支付日常维护费用,需要每年允许削减的12.1%。根据不同的属性将被分析的企业进行分组,即林地的大小,生产条件,产业的连贯性,平均坡度和需要电缆铺设的林地所占的份额,在林道的维护成本上有统计学上的显着差异。在几乎所有经过测试的组中,维护成本的显着差异(表示为€/ ha,€/ m 企业的平均年维护成本为0.63€/ m,而林道的实际维护成本为5.6€/ m。为了支付日常维护费用,需要每年允许削减的12.1%。根据不同的属性对被分析的企业进行分组,即林地的大小,生产条件,产业的连贯性,平均坡度和需要电缆铺设的林地所占的份额,在林道养护成本方面存在统计学上的显着差异。在几乎所有测试的组中,维护成本有显着差异(表示为€/ ha,€/ m 企业的平均年维护成本为0.63€/ m,而林道的实际维护成本为5.6€/ m。为了支付日常维护费用,需要每年允许削减的12.1%。根据不同的属性将被分析的企业进行分组,即林地的大小,生产条件,产业的连贯性,平均坡度和需要电缆铺设的林地所占的份额,在林道的维护成本上有统计学上的显着差异。在几乎所有经过测试的组中,维护成本的显着差异(表示为€/ ha,€/ m 根据不同的属性对被分析的企业进行分组,即林地的大小,生产条件,产业的连贯性,平均坡度和需要电缆铺设的林地所占的份额,在林道养护成本方面存在统计学上的显着差异。在几乎所有经过测试的组中,维护成本的显着差异(表示为€/ ha,€/ m 根据不同的属性将被分析的企业进行分组,即林地的大小,生产条件,产业的连贯性,平均坡度和需要电缆铺设的林地所占的份额,在林道的维护成本上有统计学上的显着差异。在几乎所有经过测试的组中,维护成本的显着差异(表示为€/ ha,€/ m3采伐量,或€/ m)。但是,最初建立的道路密度与收割成本之间的显着相关性无法建立。一方面,生物经济发展趋势带来的挑战,另一方面,气候变化带来的挑战更可能进一步增强森林开放和道路维护效率的重要性。
更新日期:2020-03-27
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