The extraction of phycobiliprotein (PBP) pigments from red algae Gracilaria gracilis was optimized using maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction (ultrasonic water bath and ultrasonic probe), high pressure-assisted extraction, and freeze-thaw. The experimental conditions, namely homogenization time (t1), buffer concentration (C), treatment time (t2), biomass: buffer ratio (R), and pressure (P), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The yield of phycoerythrin (PE) extracted, determined spectroscopically, was used as the response variable. Maceration was the most efficient extraction method yielding 3.6 mg PE/g biomass under the optimal conditions (t1 = t2 = 10 min; C = 0.1 M; R = 1:50). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the biomass before and after the cell disruption treatments revealed a more efficient cell wall rupture with maceration.

中文翻译：

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从红藻Gracilaria gracilis提取藻胆蛋白色素的最佳替代合成食用色素。

使用浸软法，超声辅助提取（超声波水浴和超声探头），高压辅助提取和冻融对从红藻Gracilaria gracilis中提取藻胆蛋白（PBP）色素进行了优化。实验条件，即均质时间（t1），缓冲液浓度（C），处理时间（t2），生物量：缓冲液比率（R）和压力（P），已使用响应表面方法（RSM）进行了优化。用光谱法确定的提取的藻红蛋白（PE）的收率用作响应变量。在最佳条件下（t1 = t2 = 10分钟； C = 0.1 M； R = 1:50），浸渍法是产生3.6 mg PE / g生物质的最有效提取方法。