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Stimulus frequency modulates brainstem response to respiratory-gated transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
Brain Stimulation ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.011
Roberta Sclocco 1 , Ronald G Garcia 2 , Norman W Kettner 3 , Harrison P Fisher 4 , Kylie Isenburg 4 , Maya Makarovsky 4 , Jessica A Stowell 5 , Jill Goldstein 6 , Riccardo Barbieri 7 , Vitaly Napadow 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The therapeutic potential of transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) is currently being explored for numerous clinical applications. However, optimized response for different clinical indications may depend on specific neuromodulation parameters, and systematic assessments of their influence are still needed to optimize this promising approach. HYPOTHESIS We proposed that stimulation frequency would have a significant effect on nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) functional MRI (fMRI) response to respiratory-gated taVNS (RAVANS). METHODS Brainstem fMRI response to auricular RAVANS (cymba conchae) was assessed for four different stimulation frequencies (2, 10, 25, 100 Hz). Sham (no current) stimulation was used to control for respiration effects on fMRI signal. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that RAVANS delivered at 100 Hz evoked the strongest brainstem response, localized to a cluster in the left (ipsilateral) medulla and consistent with purported NTS. A co-localized, although weaker, response was found for 2 Hz RAVANS. Furthermore, RAVANS delivered at 100 Hz also evoked stronger fMRI responses for important monoamine neurotransmitter source nuclei (LC, noradrenergic; MR, DR, serotonergic) and pain/homeostatic regulation nuclei (i.e. PAG). CONCLUSION Our fMRI results support previous localization of taVNS afference to pontomedullary aspect of NTS in the human brainstem, and demonstrate the significant influence of the stimulation frequency on brainstem fMRI response.

中文翻译:

刺激频率调节脑干对呼吸门控经皮耳迷走神经刺激的反应

背景目前正在探索经皮耳廓 VNS (tavns) 的治疗潜力以用于许多临床应用。然而,针对不同临床适应症的优化反应可能取决于特定的神经调节参数,仍然需要对其影响进行系统评估以优化这种有前景的方法。假设我们提出刺激频率会对孤束核 (NTS) 功能性 MRI (fMRI) 对呼吸门控 tavns (RAVANS) 的反应产生显着影响。方法 评估了四种不同刺激频率(2、10、25、100 Hz)对耳廓 RAVANS(cymba conchae)的脑干 fMRI 反应。假(无电流)刺激用于控制呼吸对 fMRI 信号的影响。结果 我们的研究结果表明,以 100 Hz 传送的 RAVANS 诱发了最强的脑干反应,定位于左侧(同侧)髓质中的一个簇,并且与声称的 NTS 一致。发现了 2 Hz RAVANS 的共定位响应,尽管较弱。此外,以 100 Hz 传输的 RAVANS 还对重要的单胺神经递质源核(LC,去甲肾上腺素能;MR,DR,5-羟色胺能)和疼痛/稳态调节核(即 PAG)引起更强的 fMRI 反应。结论我们的 fMRI 结果支持 tavns 对人脑干中 NTS 桥脑延髓方面的先前定位,并证明了刺激频率对脑干 fMRI 反应的显着影响。虽然较弱,但发现 2 Hz RAVANS 有响应。此外,以 100 Hz 传输的 RAVANS 还对重要的单胺神经递质源核(LC,去甲肾上腺素能;MR,DR,5-羟色胺能)和疼痛/稳态调节核(即 PAG)引起更强的 fMRI 反应。结论我们的 fMRI 结果支持 tavns 对人脑干中 NTS 桥脑延髓方面的先前定位,并证明了刺激频率对脑干 fMRI 反应的显着影响。虽然较弱,但发现 2 Hz RAVANS 有响应。此外,以 100 Hz 传输的 RAVANS 还对重要的单胺神经递质源核(LC,去甲肾上腺素能;MR,DR,5-羟色胺能)和疼痛/稳态调节核(即 PAG)引起更强的 fMRI 反应。结论我们的 fMRI 结果支持 tavns 对人脑干中 NTS 桥脑延髓方面的先前定位,并证明了刺激频率对脑干 fMRI 反应的显着影响。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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