The effects of season on the fertility of the dairy cow added to the metabolic stress of milk production are well known. We here present lactating dairy cows as a comparative model of this problem. This review examines the results of recent studies that have highlighted heat stress (HS) effects on pre-ovulatory follicles. From these studies, we draw information regarding the mechanisms giving rise to temperature gradients across reproductive tissues. Our review is completed by a discussion of approaches designed to reduce the negative effects of HS based on cooling strategies implemented before ovulation at or around estrus.

中文翻译：

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卵巢的局部冷却及其对热应激对生殖影响的影响

众所周知，季节对奶牛繁殖力的影响加上牛奶生产的代谢压力。我们在这里将泌乳奶牛作为这个问题的比较模型。本综述审查了近期研究的结果，这些研究强调了热应激 (HS) 对排卵前卵泡的影响。从这些研究中，我们获得了有关引起生殖组织温度梯度的机制的信息。我们的评论通过讨论旨在减少 HS 负面影响的方法来完成，这些方法基于在发情期或发情前后排卵前实施的冷却策略。