Cancer Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising and effective modality to treat different malignancies. Antigenic profiling of cancer tissues and determination of any pre-existing immune responses to cancer antigens may help predict responses to immune intervention in cancer. NY-ESO-1, a cancer testis antigen is the most immunogenic antigen to date. The promise of NY-ESO-1 as a candidate for specific immune recognition of cancer comes from its restricted expression in normal adult tissue but frequent occurrence in multiple tumors including melanoma and carcinomas of lung, esophageal, liver, gastric, prostrate, ovarian, and bladder. This review summarizes current knowledge of NY-ESO-1 as efficient biomarker and target of immunotherapy. It also addresses limitations and challenges preventing a robust immune response to NY-ESO-1 expressing cancers, and describes pre-clinical and clinical observations relevant to NY-ESO-1 immunity, holding potential therapeutic relevance for cancer treatment. NY-ESO-1 induces strong immune responses in cancer patients but has limited objective clinical responses to NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors due to effect of competitive negative signaling from immune-checkpoints and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We propose that combination therapy to increase the efficacy of NY-ESO-1 specific immunotherapeutic interventions should be explored to unleash the immune response against NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors.

中文翻译：

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释放对NY-ESO-1癌症睾丸抗原的免疫应答，作为癌症免疫疗法的潜在靶标。

最近，癌症免疫疗法已成为治疗不同恶性肿瘤的一种有前途且有效的方法。癌症组织的抗原分析和对癌症抗原的任何先前存在的免疫反应的确定可能有助于预测对癌症免疫干预的反应。NY-ESO-1是一种癌症睾丸抗原，是迄今为止免疫力最高的抗原。NY-ESO-1作为癌症特异性免疫识别候选药物的希望来自其在正常成人组织中的限制性表达，但在多种肿瘤中频繁发生，包括黑色素瘤和肺癌，食道癌，肝癌，胃癌，前列腺癌，卵巢癌和膀胱。这篇综述总结了NY-ESO-1作为有效生物标志物和免疫疗法靶点的最新知识。它还解决了防止对表达NY-ESO-1的癌症产生强烈免疫应答的局限性和挑战，并描述了与NY-ESO-1免疫相关的临床前和临床观察结果，具有与癌症治疗相关的潜在治疗意义。NY-ESO-1在癌症患者中诱导强烈的免疫反应，但由于来自免疫检查点和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的竞争性负信号的作用，对表达NY-ESO-1的肿瘤的客观临床反应有限。我们建议应探索提高NY-ESO-1特异性免疫治疗干预效果的联合疗法，以释放针对NY-ESO-1表达肿瘤的免疫反应。在癌症治疗方面具有潜在的治疗意义。NY-ESO-1在癌症患者中诱导强烈的免疫反应，但由于来自免疫检查点和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的竞争性负信号的作用，对表达NY-ESO-1的肿瘤的客观临床反应有限。我们建议应探索提高NY-ESO-1特异性免疫治疗干预效果的联合疗法，以释放针对NY-ESO-1表达肿瘤的免疫反应。在癌症治疗方面具有潜在的治疗意义。NY-ESO-1在癌症患者中诱导强烈的免疫反应，但由于来自免疫检查点和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的竞争性负信号的作用，对表达NY-ESO-1的肿瘤的客观临床反应有限。我们建议应探索提高NY-ESO-1特异性免疫治疗干预效果的联合疗法，以释放针对NY-ESO-1表达肿瘤的免疫反应。