Microtubules (MT) are critical cytoskeletal filaments that have several functions in cell morphogenesis, cell division, vesicle transport and cytoplasmic separation in the spatiotemporal regulation of eukaryotic cells. Formation of MT requires the co‐interaction of MT nucleation and α–β‐tubulins, as well as MT‐associated proteins (MAP). Many key MAP contributing to MT nucleation and elongation are essential for MT nucleation and regulation of MT dynamics, and are conserved in the plant kingdom. Therefore, the deletion or decrease of γ‐tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) components and related MAP, such as the augmin complex, NEDD1, MZT1, EB1, MAP65, etc., in Arabidopsis thaliana results in MT organizational defects in the spindle and phragmoplast MT, as well as in chromosome defects. In addition, similar defects in MT organization and chromosome structure have been observed in plants under abiotic stress conditions, such as under high UV‐B radiation. The MT can sense the signal from UV‐B radiation, resulting in abnormal MT arrangement. Further studies are required to determine whether the abnormal chromosomes induced by UV‐B radiation can be attributed to the involvement of abnormal MT arrays in chromosome migration after DNA damage.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥中的微管组织缺陷。

微管（MT）是关键的细胞骨架丝，在真核细胞的时空调节中，在细胞形态发生，细胞分裂，囊泡转运和细胞质分离中具有多种功能。MT的形成需要MT核与α-β-微管蛋白以及MT相关蛋白（MAP）的相互作用。许多有助于MT成核和伸长的关键MAP对于MT成核和MT动态调节至关重要，并且在植物界是保守的。因此，缺失或γ微管蛋白环络合物（γTuRC）组件以及相关的MAP，下降如augmin复杂，NEDD1，MZT1，EB1，MAP65等，在拟南芥导致纺锤体和睑板膜MT的MT组织缺陷，以及染色体缺陷。另外，在非生物胁迫条件下，例如在高UV-B辐射下，在植物中也观察到MT组织和染色体结构的类似缺陷。MT可以检测到来自UV-B辐射的信号，从而导致MT排列异常。需要进一步的研究以确定由UV-B辐射诱导的异常染色体是否可归因于DNA损伤后异常MT阵列参与染色体迁移。