The production of high-quality coffee is being challenged by changing climates in coffee-growing regions. The coffee beans from the upper and lower canopy at different development stages of the same plants were analyzed to investigate the impact of the microenvironment on gene expression and coffee quality. Compared with coffee beans from the upper canopy, lower canopy beans displayed more intense aroma with higher caffeine, trigonelline, and sucrose contents, associated with greater gene expression in the representative metabolic pathways. Global gene expression indicated a longer ripening in the lower canopy, resulting from higher expression of genes relating to growth inhibition and suppression of chlorophyll degradation during early bean ripening. Selection of genotypes or environments that enhance expression of the genes slowing bean development may produce higher quality coffee beans, allowing coffee production in a broader range of available future environments.

中文翻译：

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下部冠层豆的生长速度较慢，可以生产出更好的咖啡。

高品质咖啡的生产正受到咖啡种植地区气候变化的挑战。分析了来自同一植物不同发育阶段的上部和下部冠层的咖啡豆，以研究微环境对基因表达和咖啡品质的影响。与上层冠层的咖啡豆相比，下层冠层的咖啡豆显示出更浓郁的香气，咖啡因，松果碱和蔗糖含量更高，与代表性代谢途径中更高的基因表达有关。总体基因表达表明在较低冠层的成熟时间更长，这是由于与早期豆成熟过程中的生长抑制和叶绿素降解抑制有关的基因表达更高。