Introduction

People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to smoke and harbor oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, putting them at higher risk for head and neck cancer. We sought to investigate the joint effects of HIV and smoking on risk of oral HPV.

Methods

Consecutive PLWH (n=169) and at-risk HIV-negative individuals (n=126) were recruited from two large health centers in United States. Lifetime smoking history was collected using questionnaires. Participants provided oral rinse samples for HPV genotyping by Next-Generation Sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression models with interaction terms for HIV to test for smoking effect on oral HPV and reported the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI).

Results

PLWH were more likely to harbor oral HPV than HIV-negative individuals, including α (39% vs. 28%), β (73% vs. 63%), and γ-types (33% vs. 20%). HIV infection positively modified the association between smoking and detection of high-risk oral HPV with odds ratios for smoking of 3.46 [95%CI:1.01, 11.94] and 1.59 [95%CI:0.32, 8.73] among PLWH and HIV-negative individuals, respectively, and an observed RERI of 3.34 [95%CI:-1.51, 8.18]. The RERI for HPV-16 was 1.79 [95%CI:-2.57, 6.16], and 2.78 for β1-HPV [95%CI:-0.08, 5.65].

Conclusion

Our results show tobacco smoking as a risk factor for oral HPV among PLWH.

中文翻译：

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HIV改变了吸烟对人类口服乳头瘤病毒感染的影响。

介绍

艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）更有可能吸烟和携带口腔人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染，使他们罹患头颈癌的风险更高。我们试图调查艾滋病毒和吸烟对口腔HPV风险的联合影响。

方法

从美国两个大型卫生中心招募了连续性PLWH（n = 169）和高危HIV阴性个体（n = 126）。使用问卷调查收集终身吸烟史。参与者提供了口腔冲洗样品，用于通过下一代测序进行的HPV基因分型。我们使用具有HIV交互作用项的多变量logistic回归模型来测试吸烟对口腔HPV的影响，并报告了因交互作用引起的相对超额风险（RERI）。

结果

与HIV阴性个体相比，PLWH更有可能携带口服HPV，包括α（39％vs. 28％），β（73％vs. 63％）和γ型（33％vs. 20％）。HIV感染积极地改变了吸烟与高危口腔HPV检测之间的关联，在PLWH和HIV阴性人群中，吸烟的比值比分别为3.46 [95％CI：1.01，11.94]和1.59 [95％CI：0.32，8.73] ，观察到的RERI为3.34 [95％CI：-1.51，8.18]。HPV-16的RERI为1.79 [95％CI：-2.57，6.16]，β1-HPV的RERI为2.78 [95％CI：-0.08，5.65]。

结论

我们的结果表明，吸烟是PLWH中口服HPV的危险因素。