General Systems Theory (GST), as it was introduced by Karl Ludwig von Bertalannfy, had a significant, yet mostly unacknowledged influence on systems theory. The purpose of the current review is to highlight and assess the application of the aforementioned theory in the healthcare field and suggest a new approach to the public hearing healthcare sector. A systematic literature review has been conducted in the electronic databases of ScienceDirect, Pubmed and IEEEXplore covering the years of 2009-2019, following the PRISMA guidelines. The article selection was performed to identify GST-related frameworks in the healthcare field and was completed through a process of removing duplicates and non-available articles, analyzing the tittle and abstract, and then reviewing the full text of each selected article. In the final analysis, 47 studies were selected and were thoroughly analysed. Almost half of these articles showed a practical implementation of GST-inspired frameworks, following different types of research methodology. Analysis of these methodologies identified the limitations and positive effects of GST in the healthcare field. Although there is a significant number of references in GST in the healthcare field over the last 10 years, applications of it need to be further tested and explored before they are put into real-situation testing. Simulation models and evidence-based approaches on a micro-, meso- and macro-level of systems should be used to provide the contextual information needed for establishing GST as a driving force in the healthcare field. To this context, a paradigm of GST data framework applied to the hearing loss screening area is hereby presented and discussed. It is shown that a GST approach can be used to identify equilibria in all levels, to balance gain and prediction capacity over time and enhance public hearing health approaches for treatment and management strategies.

中文翻译：

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公共听力健康的一般系统理论方法：从医疗保健一般系统理论的系统回顾中吸取的教训

由 Karl Ludwig von Bertalannfy 引入的通用系统理论 (GST) 对系统理论产生了重大但几乎未被承认的影响。当前审查的目的是突出和评估上述理论在医疗保健领域的应用，并为公共听力保健部门提出一种新方法。遵循 PRISMA 指南，在 ScienceDirect、Pubmed 和 IEEEXplore 的电子数据库中进行了涵盖 2009-2019 年的系统文献综述。进行文章选择以识别医疗保健领域的 GST 相关框架，并通过删除重复和不可用文章，分析标题和摘要，然后查看每篇所选文章的全文来完成。归根结底，选择并彻底分析了 47 项研究。这些文章中几乎有一半展示了 GST 启发框架的实际实施，遵循不同类型的研究方法。对这些方法的分析确定了 GST 在医疗保健领域的局限性和积极影响。尽管过去 10 年在医疗保健领域有大量 GST 的参考文献，但在将其投入实际情况之前，还需要进一步测试和探索其应用。应使用微观、中观和宏观系统级别的模拟模型和循证方法来提供将 GST 确立为医疗保健领域驱动力所需的上下文信息。在这种情况下，特此介绍和讨论应用于听力损失筛查领域的 GST 数据框架范例。结果表明，GST 方法可用于确定所有级别的平衡，随着时间的推移平衡增益和预测能力，并增强用于治疗和管理策略的公共听力健康方法。