Polarimetric symmetry, including reflection symmetry, rotation symmetry, and azimuthal symmetry, are useful concepts for describing the scattering characteristics of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. In this study, for the coherency matrices of multilook polarimetric SAR data, three new scattering models were first proposed based on the polarimetric symmetry. Then, a four-component incoherent decomposition algorithm was introduced, which was based on the three aforementioned new models, along with a classic volume scattering model. The proposed algorithm was considered to be a complete incoherent decomposition algorithm. No polarimetric information was lost during the decomposition. Also, there were no negative powers in its output. Then, by utilizing three polarimetric SAR images which had been derived by ESAR, RADARSAT-2, and GF-3, respectively, the experimental results had revealed that the proposed decomposition algorithm was effective in the analysis of the scattering mechanisms of terrain targets. It was observed that more than 90% of the coherency matrices of the real polarimetric SAR data had been completely decomposed by the proposed algorithm into four components. These components were found to be exactly consistent with the scattering models for surface scattering, double-bounce scattering, volume scattering, and helix scattering. The proposed decomposition algorithm had provided insight into the limitations of incoherent decomposition.

中文翻译：

---

一种基于极化对称性的多视极化SAR数据非相干分解算法

极化对称，包括反射对称、旋转对称和方位对称，是描述极化合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 数据散射特性的有用概念。本研究针对多视极化SAR数据的相干矩阵，首次提出了基于极化对称性的三种新的散射模型。然后，引入了基于上述三个新模型以及经典体积散射模型的四分量非相干分解算法。所提出的算法被认为是一个完全不相干的分解算法。在分解过程中没有丢失极化信息。此外，它的输出中没有负能量。然后，利用 ESAR、RADARSAT-2 获得的三幅极化 SAR 图像，GF-3 和 GF-3 的实验结果表明，所提出的分解算法在分析地形目标的散射机制方面是有效的。据观察，实际极化SAR数据的相干矩阵90%以上已被所提出的算法完全分解为四个分量。发现这些分量与表面散射、双反弹散射、体积散射和螺旋散射的散射模型完全一致。所提出的分解算法提供了对不连贯分解的局限性的洞察。据观察，实际极化SAR数据的相干矩阵90%以上已被所提出的算法完全分解为四个分量。发现这些分量与表面散射、双反弹散射、体积散射和螺旋散射的散射模型完全一致。所提出的分解算法提供了对不连贯分解的局限性的洞察。据观察，实际极化SAR数据的相干矩阵90%以上已被所提出的算法完全分解为四个分量。发现这些分量与表面散射、双反弹散射、体积散射和螺旋散射的散射模型完全一致。所提出的分解算法提供了对不连贯分解的局限性的洞察。