Prays oleae is the second most important pest in Mediterranean olive groves, causing substantial damage on olive production. We used mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5)] and nuclear [ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] amplicons to assess the population variability in five main olive producing regions from Tunisia, to support or dismiss the existence of two non-monophyletic groups within the species, as found within Portugal. Our phylogenetic analysis with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) indeed displayed two distinct and well-supported clades of P. oleae, which were corroborated by the haplotype network reconstructed with both mitochondrial and nuclear amplicons. We were also able to dismiss the hypothesis that one of the clades would not develop on olive fruits. No correlation was observed between clades differentiation and geographic distribution. The existence of cryptic species can impact on the management of agroecosystems and on the perception of how these moths responds to environmental changes.

中文翻译：

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隐藏的遗传变异性，橄榄蛾是否可以为油菜（鳞翅目：Yponomeutidae或Praydidae）构成物种复合体？

祈祷油菜是地中海橄榄林中第二重要的害虫，对橄榄的生产造成了严重损害。我们使用线粒体[细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）和NADH脱氢酶亚基5（nad5）]和核仁[核糖体蛋白S5（RpS5）]扩增子来评估突尼斯五个主要产橄榄区的种群变异性，以支持或支持驳斥了该物种中两个非单性群体的存在，正如在葡萄牙境内发现的那样。我们用细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）进行的系统发育分析确实显示了两个不同的油橄榄枝条并得到了良好的支持，由线粒体和核扩增子重建的单倍型网络证实。我们还可以消除这样的假设，即其中一个进化枝不会在橄榄果实上生长。进化枝分化与地理分布之间没有相关性。隐性物种的存在会影响农业生态系统的管理以及这些飞蛾如何对环境变化做出反应的认识。