Abstract

Emission inventories are one of the most critical inputs for the successful modeling of air quality. The performance of the modeling results is directly affected by the quality of atmospheric emission inventories. Consequently, the development of representative inventories is always required. Due to the lack of regional inventories in Brazil, this study aimed to investigate the use of the particulate matter (PM) emission estimation from the Brazilian top-down vehicle emission inventory (VEI) of 2012 for air quality modeling. Here, we focus on road vehicles since they are usually responsible for significant emissions of PM in urban areas. The total Brazilian emission of PM (63,000 t year⁻¹) from vehicular sources was distributed into the urban areas of 5557 municipalities, with 1-km² grid spacing, considering two approaches: (i) population and (ii) fleet of each city. A comparison with some local inventories is discussed. The inventory was compiled in the PREP-CHEM-SRC processor tool. One-month modeling (August 2015) was performed with WRF-Chem for the four metropolitan areas of Brazilian Southeast: Belo Horizonte (MABH), Great Vitória (MAGV), Rio de Janeiro (MARJ), and São Paulo (MASP). In addition, modeling with the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory was carried out to compare the results. Overall, EDGAR inventory obtained higher PM emissions than the VEI segregated by population and fleet, which is expected owing to considerations of additional sources of emission (e.g., industrial and residential). This higher emission of EDGAR resulted in higher PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations, overestimating the observations in MASP, while the proposed inventory well represented the ambient concentrations, obtaining better statistics indices. For the other three metropolitan areas, both EDGAR and the VEI inventories obtained consistent results. Therefore, the present work endorses the fact that vehicles are responsible for the more substantial contribution to PM emissions in the studied urban areas. Furthermore, the use of VEI can be representative for modeling air quality in the future.

中文翻译：

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自上而下的车辆排放清单，用于颗粒物的空间分布和扩散模型。

摘要

排放清单是成功建立空气质量模型的最关键的输入之一。建模结果的性能直接受到大气排放清单质量的影响。因此，始终需要开发代表性库存。由于巴西缺乏区域清单，因此本研究旨在调查使用2012年巴西自上而下车辆排放清单（VEI）中的颗粒物（PM）排放估算来进行空气质量建模。在这里，我们主要关注公路车辆，因为它们通常会导致市区PM大量排放。巴西来自车辆的PM排放总量（63,000 t year ^-1）被分配到5557个城市的市区，面积为1 km ²网格间距，考虑两种方法：（i）人口和（ii）每个城市的车队。讨论了与一些当地库存的比较。清单是在PREP-CHEM-SRC处理器工具中编译的。WRF-Chem对巴西东南部的四个大都市地区进行了为期一个月的建模（2015年8月）：贝洛奥里藏特（MABH），大维托里亚（MAGV），里约热内卢（MARJ）和圣保罗（MASP）。此外，还利用全球大气研究排放数据库（EDGAR）进行了建模，以比较结果。总体而言，EDGAR库存获得的PM排放量高于按人口和船队划分的VEI排放量，这是由于考虑到其他排放源（例如，工业和住宅）所致。EDGAR的较高排放导致较高的PM ₁₀和PM _2.5浓度，高估了MASP中的观测值，而建议的清单很好地代表了环境浓度，获得了更好的统计指标。在其他三个大都市地区，EDGAR和VEI清单均获得了一致的结果。因此，本工作支持以下事实：在所研究的城市地区，车辆对PM排放的贡献更大。此外，使用VEI可以代表将来对空气质量进行建模。