Abstract

Some phthalates, which are used mainly as plasticizers, are suspected to be endocrine disruptors. In the present study, daily intakes of phthalates by Japanese children through all exposure pathways and the contribution of indoor air quality to the intakes were examined by measuring urinary phthalate metabolites in the children and the airborne phthalates in their residences. Spot urine samples excreted first after waking up in the morning were collected from the subjects aged 6 to 15 years (n = 132), and airborne phthalates were sampled in the subjects’ bedrooms for 24 h. Eight airborne phthalates and their urinary metabolites were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The daily intakes of the phthalates estimated were as follows (median, μg/kg b.w./day): dimethyl phthalate (DMP), 0.15; diethyl phthalate (DEP), 0.42; diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), 1.1; di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), 2.2; dicyclohexyl phthalate (DcHP), 0.026; benzylbutyl phthalate (BBzP), 0.032; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), 6.3. The 95th percentile (21 μg/kg b.w./day) of the DEHP intakes exceeded the reference doses (RfD, 20 μg/kg b.w./day) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). DEHP was suggested to be the most notable phthalate from the perspective of adverse effects on the health of Japanese children. On the other hand, DcHP and di-n-hexyl phthalate were not considered to be very important as indoor air pollutants and as internal contaminants for the children. The contribution rates of the amounts absorbed by inhalation to the amounts absorbed via all of the exposure pathways were only 7.9, 4.4, 6.6, 3.2, 0.22, and 1.0% as the median for DMP, DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, and DEHP, respectively. Therefore, inhalation did not seem to contribute very much as an absorption pathway of the phthalates for Japanese children while at home.

中文翻译：

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日本儿童的邻苯二甲酸酯摄入量及其居住环境对室内空气质量的影响。

摘要

一些主要用作增塑剂的邻苯二甲酸盐被怀疑是内分泌干扰物。在本研究中，日本儿童通过所有接触途径每天摄入邻苯二甲酸盐的量以及室内空气质量对摄入量的贡献，方法是通过测量儿童中尿邻苯二甲酸盐的代谢产物以及其住所中空气中邻苯二甲酸盐的含量。从6到15岁的受试者中收集早晨醒来后首先排出的尿样（n = 132），并在受试者的卧室中采样了24小时的空气中邻苯二甲酸酯。通过气相色谱/质谱法测定了八种空气中邻苯二甲酸酯及其尿液代谢产物。估计邻苯二甲酸盐的每日摄入量如下（中位数，μg/ kg bw /天）：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）为0.15；邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），0.42；邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP），1.1；di -n-邻苯二甲酸丁酯（DnBP），2.2；邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（DcHP），0.026; 邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯（BBzP），0.032; 邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP），6.3。DEHP摄入量的第95个百分点（21μg/ kg bw /天）超过了美国环境保护署（EPA）的参考剂量（RfD，20μg/ kg bw /天）。从对日本儿童健康的不利影响来看，DEHP被认为是最显着的邻苯二甲酸酯。另一方面，DcHP和di -n-邻苯二甲酸己酯作为室内空气污染物和儿童内部污染物并不十分重要。吸入吸收量对所有暴露途径吸收量的贡献率分别为DMP，DEP，DiBP，DBP，DnBP，BBzP和DEHP的中值分别为7.9％，4.4％，6.6％，3.2％，0.22％和1.0％ ， 分别。因此，吸入对于日本儿童在家中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收途径似乎没有太大贡献。