Enzyme assembly by ligand binding or physically sequestrating enzymes, substrates, or metabolites into isolated compartments can bring key molecules closer to enhance the flux of a metabolic pathway. The emergence of enzyme assembly has provided both opportunities and challenges for metabolic engineering. At present, with the development of synthetic biology and systems biology, a variety of enzyme assembly strategies have been proposed, from the initial direct enzyme fusion to scaffold-free assembly, as well as artificial scaffolds, such as nucleic acid/protein scaffolds, and even some more complex physical compartments. These assembly strategies have been explored and applied to the synthesis of various important bio-based products, and have achieved different degrees of success. Despite some achievements, enzyme assembly, especially in vivo, still has many problems that have attracted significant attention from researchers. Here, we focus on some selected examples to review recent research on scaffold-free strategies, synthetic artificial scaffolds, and physical compartments for enzyme assembly or pathway sequestration, and we discuss their notable advances. In addition, the potential applications and challenges in the applications are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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用于分区代谢流量控制的酶组装。

通过配体结合或将酶，底物或代谢物物理隔离的酶组装到分离的隔室中，可使关键分子更接近以增强代谢途径的通量。酶组装的出现为代谢工程提供了机遇和挑战。目前，随着合成生物学和系统生物学的发展，提出了多种酶组装策略，从最初的直接酶融合到无支架组装，以及人工支架，如核酸/蛋白质支架，以及甚至一些更复杂的物理隔室。已经研究了这些组装策略并将其应用于各种重要的生物基产品的合成，并获得了不同程度的成功。尽管取得了一些成就，但酶的组装，尤其是在体内，仍然有许多问题引起了研究人员的极大关注。在这里，我们集中于一些选定的例子，以回顾无支架策略，合成人工支架和用于酶组装或途径螯合的物理区室的最新研究，并讨论它们的显着进展。此外，重点介绍了潜在的应用程序和应用程序中的挑战。