Carbon aerogel with various morphology and structural characteristics were prepared from chitosan by freeze drying-carbonization/activation process. The carbon aerogel obtained without activation (CNS-800) exhibited sheet structure and disordered micropores, N mostly existing in the forms of N-5 and N-6 groups. After phosphoric acid activation (CNSP-800), a 3D-honeycomb structure with long-range ordered pore channels was presented, with N-X being the main nitrogen-containing groups, some P-O/P=O and PC groups were also detected. KOH activation of CNS (CNSK-800) led to the formation of incomplete 3D-mesh structure and some graphite-like structure, which is the most unordered structure attributed to the high intense of KOH activation. All the samples showed micro-mesoporous structure, the specific surface area of CNS-800, CNSk-800 and CNSP-800 were 421, 1215 and 1475 m2/g, respectively. When used as electrode in the three-electrode supercapacitor, the capacitance values of 171, 318 and 416 F/g were obtained at 1 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte for CNS-800, CNSK-800 and CNSP-800, with the pseudo capacitance contribution rates of 25.4%, 31.6% and 37.6% respectively. Additionally, the capacitance values were 98, 126 and 168 F/g in the two-electrode system respectively, and their energy densities reached 3.35, 4.69 and 6.36 Wh/kg at a power density of 25 W/kg accordingly.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖杂原子掺杂的分级多孔碳气凝胶，用于高性能超级电容器。

以壳聚糖为原料，通过冷冻干燥-碳化/活化工艺制备了具有不同形态和结构特征的碳气凝胶。未经活化获得的碳气凝胶（CNS-800）表现出片状结构和无序的微孔，N主要以N-5和N-6基团的形式存在。磷酸活化（CNSP-800）后，呈现出具有长距离有序孔通道的3D蜂窝结构，其中NX是主要的含氮基团，还检测到一些PO / P = O和PC基团。CNS（CNSK-800）的KOH活化导致形成不完整的3D网格结构和一些类石墨结构，这是归因于高强度KOH活化的最无序的结构。所有样品均显示微中孔结构，CNS-800的比表面积，CNSk-800和CNSP-800分别为421、1215和1475平方米/克。当用作三电极超级电容器中的电极时，对于CNS-800，CNSK-800和CNSP-800，在1 M H2SO4电解质中以1 A / g的电容值获得171、318和416 F / g。伪电容贡献率分别为25.4％，31.6％和37.6％。另外，在双电极系统中，电容值分别为98、126和168 F / g，并且在25W / kg的功率密度下，它们的能量密度分别达到3.35、4.69和6.36Wh / kg。分别为6％。另外，在双电极系统中，电容值分别为98、126和168 F / g，并且在25W / kg的功率密度下，它们的能量密度分别达到3.35、4.69和6.36Wh / kg。分别为6％。另外，在双电极系统中，电容值分别为98、126和168 F / g，并且在25W / kg的功率密度下，它们的能量密度分别达到3.35、4.69和6.36Wh / kg。