Lipases are a versatile class of enzymes that have aroused great interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to modify and synthesize new lipids for functional foods. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown important biological functions promoting human health, especially in the development and maintenance of brain function and vision. Lipases allow selective production of functional lipids enriched in omega-3 PUFAs and are unique enzymatic tools to improve the natural composition of lipids and provide specific bioactivities. This review comprises recent research trends on the enzymatic production of bioactive, structured lipids with improved nutritional characteristics, using new enzymatic processing technologies in combination with novel raw materials, including microalgal lipids and new seed oils high in omega-3 fatty acids. An extensive number of lipase applications in the synthesis of health-promoting lipids enriched in omega-3 fatty acids by enzymatic modification is reviewed, considering the main advances in recent years for production of ethyl esters, 2-monoacylglycerols and structured triglycerides and phospholipids with omega-3 fatty acids, in order to achieve bioactive lipids as new foods and drugs.

中文翻译：

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从鱼油、藻类和其他新的 omega-3 来源中生产促进健康的脂质的酶促修饰：综述

脂肪酶是一类用途广泛的酶，由于它们能够修饰和合成功能性食品的新脂质，因此引起了食品和制药行业的极大兴趣。Omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (omega-3 PUFA)，例如二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)，已显示出促进人类健康的重要生物学功能，尤其是在大脑功能和视力的发育和维护方面。脂肪酶允许选择性生产富含 omega-3 PUFA 的功能性脂质，并且是独特的酶促工具，可改善脂质的天然组成并提供特定的生物活性。这篇综述包括最近关于酶促生产具有改善营养特性的生物活性结构脂质的研究趋势，使用新的酶处理技术结合新的原材料，包括微藻脂质和富含 omega-3 脂肪酸的新种子油。考虑到近年来生产乙基酯、2-单酰基甘油和结构化甘油三酯和含 omega-3 脂肪酸的磷脂的主要进展，综述了大量脂肪酶在通过酶促修饰合成富含 omega-3 脂肪酸的促进健康的脂质中的应用。 -3脂肪酸，以实现生物活性脂质作为新的食品和药物。