The different thermal behaviour between defects and unaltered zones allows the detection and thermal characterisation of superficial, and subsuperficial defects, which must be considered when maintaining a structure in optimal conditions. InfraRed Thermography is among the most appropriate Non-Destructive techniques to measure these thermal behaviours, represented on temperature maps of the infrastructure analysed by thermal images, regardless the size of the structure. In addition, InfraRed Thermography is also used for the thermal characterisation of structures for such important purposes as the energy study of buildings. Proof of the importance of InfraRed Thermography in infrastructure inspections are the continuous developments of new thermal image processing algorithms, where the post-processing stage is widely used to improve the inspection performance. In this work, an exhaustive review is performed regarding the most recent and important practical thermographic procedures for infrastructure applications, focusing on the post-acquisition stage, due to the lack of an in-depth analysis regarding the most recent and used algorithms. Specifically, the theory of these thermal image processing techniques is described, classifying them according to the corresponding theoretical post-acquisition approach used: qualitative and/or quantitative analysis. In addition, a discussion based on the advantages and disadvantages of each thermal data processing technique is performed, as well as a description of the latest IRT works related to each. Ending with a series of conclusions, this review paper confirms the maturity of InfraRed Thermography to face the greatest challenges in infrastructure inspection, although it also mentions the limitations to overcome and the future trends to follow.

缺陷和未改变区域之间的不同热行为允许对表面和亚表面缺陷进行检测和热表征，在将结构保持在最佳条件下时必须考虑这些问题。红外热成像技术是测量这些热行为的最合适的非破坏性技术之一，无论结构大小如何，红外热成像都可以通过热图像分析在基础设施的温度图上显示出来。此外，红外热成像技术还用于建筑物的热特征分析，例如建筑物的能源研究等重要目的。新的热图像处理算法的不断发展证明了红外热成像技术在基础设施检查中的重要性，后处理阶段被广泛用于提高检查性能的地方。在这项工作中，由于缺乏对最新算法和使用过的算法的深入分析，因此针对基础设施应用的最新和重要的实用热成像程序进行了详尽的审查，重点是采集后阶段。具体来说，将描述这些热图像处理技术的理论，并根据所使用的相应理论后采集方法对它们进行分类：定性和/或定量分析。另外，基于每种热数据处理技术的优缺点进行了讨论，并对与每种相关的最新IRT工作进行了描述。最后得出一系列结论，