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Seismic response of subway station in soft soil: Shaking table testing versus numerical analysis
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103389
Weifeng Wu , Shiping Ge , Yong Yuan , Wenqi Ding , Ioannis Anastasopoulos

Abstract As revealed by the collapse of the Daikai Metro station during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, underground structures are not immune to seismic loading. Shanghai Metro operates 16 lines of 676 km length, comprising 413 underground stations. An additional 1000 km with 600 underground stations are planned for the next 20 years, calling for improved understanding of their seismic response. This paper studies the seismic performance of a typical 2-storey, 3-span Shanghai Metro station in soft soil, combining shaking table testing and numerical modelling. Notwithstanding scale effects, shaking table testing is performed to allow detailed simulation of the complex structural system of the station. The structure is modelled using granular concrete and galvanized steel wires to simulate the RC prototype. To remedy the problem of scale effects, synthetic model soil (a mixture of sand and sawdust) is used, along with similitude relations derived considering dynamic equilibrium. The properties of the synthetic model soil are adjusted to satisfy similitude; target stiffness and density are attained by adjusting the mixture proportions. To quantify the transferability of the results to prototype scale, the experiments are simulated with nonlinear finite elements (FE), modelling the synthetic model soil with a kinematic hardening constitutive model, calibrated against resonant column and direct shear tests. The FE model is shown to compare adequately well with the shaking table tests. The validated FE model is used to predict the seismic response of the prototype, thus allowing indirect transfer of the results from model to prototype scale. The model in prototype scale is calibrated for the real soil layers against in situ (down-hole) and laboratory (resonant column) tests. Moving from model to prototype scale, the racking deformation remains qualitatively similar. The racking drift is reduced by 50% going from model to prototype scale, which is partly due to scale effects, but also related to differences between the idealized soil of the experiments and the multiple soil layers encountered in reality. The maximum bending moment also reduces by 30% going from model to prototype scale. The base of the lower-storey columns is proven to be the most vulnerable section, as was the case for Daikai.

中文翻译:

软土中地铁站的地震响应:振动台试验与数值分析

摘要 正如 1995 年神户地震期间大开地铁站的倒塌所揭示的那样,地下结构不能免受地震荷载的影响。上海地铁运营 16 条线路,全长 676 公里,包括 413 个地铁站。未来 20 年计划再增加 1000 公里的 600 个地下站,这要求更好地了解他们的地震反应。本文结合振动台试验和数值模拟,研究了典型的2层3跨上海地铁站在软土中的抗震性能。尽管存在规模效应,但仍进行了振动台测试,以便对车站复杂的结构系统进行详细模拟。该结构使用粒状混凝土和镀锌钢丝进行建模,以模拟 RC 原型。为了解决规模效应的问题,使用合成模型土壤(沙子和锯末的混合物),以及考虑动态平衡的相似关系。调整合成模型土的性质以满足相似性;通过调整混合比例来获得目标刚度和密度。为了量化结果到原型规模的可转移性,实验使用非线性有限元 (FE) 进行模拟,使用运动硬化本构模型对合成模型土壤进行建模,针对共振柱和直接剪切测试进行校准。有限元模型显示与振动台测试充分比较。经验证的有限元模型用于预测原型的地震响应,从而允许将结果从模型间接转移到原型规模。原型规模的模型是针对真实土层根据原位(井下)和实验室(共振柱)测试进行校准的。从模型到原型比例,摇摆变形在性质上保持相似。从模型到原型规模,货架漂移减少了 50%,这部分是由于规模效应,但也与实验的理想土壤与现实中遇到的多个土壤层之间的差异有关。从模型到原型尺寸,最大弯矩也减少了 30%。事实证明,低层柱子的底部是最脆弱的部分,大开就是这种情况。从模型到原型规模,货架漂移减少了 50%,这部分是由于规模效应,但也与实验的理想土壤与现实中遇到的多个土壤层之间的差异有关。从模型到原型尺寸,最大弯矩也减少了 30%。事实证明,低层柱子的底部是最脆弱的部分,大开就是这种情况。从模型到原型规模,货架漂移减少了 50%,这部分是由于规模效应,但也与实验的理想土壤与现实中遇到的多个土壤层之间的差异有关。从模型到原型尺寸,最大弯矩也减少了 30%。事实证明,低层柱子的底部是最脆弱的部分,大开就是这种情况。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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