The past several decades have witnessed great progress in "smart drug delivery", an advance technology that can deliver genes or drugs into specific locations of patients' body with enhanced delivery efficiency. Ultrasound-activated mechanical force induced by the interactions between microbubbles and cells, which can stimulate so-called "sonoporation" process, has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to realize spatiotemporal-controllable drug delivery to selected regions. Both experimental and numerical studies were performed to get in-depth understanding on how the microbubbles interact with cells during sonoporation processes, under different impact parameters. The current work gives an overview of the general mechanism underlying microbubble-mediated sonoporation, and the possible impact factors (e.g., the properties of cavitation agents and cells, acoustical driving parameters and bubble/cell micro-environment) that could affect sonoporation outcomes. Finally, current progress and considerations of sonoporation in clinical applications are reviewed also.

中文翻译：

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声穿孔的潜在机制：微泡与细胞之间的相互作用。

在过去的几十年中，“智能药物输送”取得了长足的进步，这项先进的技术可以将基因或药物输送到患者身体的特定部位，从而提高输送效率。由微泡和细胞之间的相互作用引起的超声激活的机械力，可以刺激所谓的“ sonoporation”过程，被认为是实现时空可控的药物递送至选定区域的最有希望的候选者之一。进行了实验和数值研究，以深入了解在不同冲击参数下，声波在声波穿透过程中如何与细胞相互作用。目前的工作概述了微泡介导的声穿孔的基本机制，以及可能的影响因素（例如，空化剂和细胞的特性，声学驱动参数和气泡/细胞微环境）可能会影响超声穿孔的结果。最后，还综述了声穿孔在临床应用中的最新进展和考虑因素。