The Gatan K2 IS direct electron detector (Gatan Inc., 2018), which was introduced in 2014, marked a watershed moment in the development of cameras for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Pan & Czarnik, 2016). Its pixel frequency, i.e. the number of data points (pixels) recorded per second, was two orders of magnitude higher than the fastest cameras available only five years before. Starting from 2009, the data rate of TEM cameras has outpaced the development of network, mass storage and memory bandwidth by almost two orders of magnitude. Consequently, solutions based on personal computers (PCs) that were adequate until then are no longer able to handle the resulting data rates. Instead, tailored high-performance setups are necessary. Similar developments have occurred for advanced X-ray sources such as the European XFEL, requiring special information technology (IT) systems for data handling (Sauter, Hattne, Grosse-Kunstleve, & Echols, 2013) (Fangohr, et al., 2018). Information and detector technology are currently under rapid development and involve disruptive technological innovations. This chapter briefly reviews the technological developments of the past 20 years, presents a snapshot of the current situation at the beginning of 2019 with many practical considerations, and looks forward to future developments.

中文翻译：

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用于电子显微镜中快速检测器的下一代信息技术系统

Gatan K2 IS 直接电子探测器（Gatan Inc.，2018 年）于 2014 年推出，标志着透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 相机开发的分水岭时刻（Pan & Czarnik，2016 年）。它的像素频率，即每秒记录的数据点（像素）数量，比五年前最快的相机高两个数量级。从 2009 年开始，TEM 相机的数据速率已超过网络、海量存储和内存带宽的发展近两个数量级。因此，在此之前基于个人计算机 (PC) 的解决方案不再能够处理由此产生的数据速率。相反，定制的高性能设置是必要的。欧洲 XFEL 等先进 X 射线源也出现了类似的发展。需要特殊的信息技术 (IT) 系统来处理数据（Sauter、Hattne、Grosse-Kunstleve 和 Echols，2013 年）（Fangohr 等人，2018 年）。信息和探测器技术目前正在快速发展，涉及颠覆性的技术创新。本章简要回顾了过去 20 年的技术发展，并结合了许多实际考虑，对 2019 年初的现状进行了概述，并展望了未来的发展。