The aim of the research was to determine selected biochemical and physical characteristics and yielding of fruits in apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh) such as Gala Schniga, Beni Shogun (Fuji) and Ligol, M.9 rootstock growing in the Wielkopolska region, Poland. high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed differences both in the profile and contents of soluble sugars and other metabolites detected in fruits of the tested apple varieties. The highest total saccharide content was found in fruits of cv. Gala Schniga, while leaves and shoots of this variety showed the lowest contents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed the lowest contents of semiquinone radicals in apple fruits and the highest in leaves of apple trees. All organs of Schniga Gala apple trees were characterized by the highest levels of these radicals. Besides, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) revealed the highest levels of this molecule in shoots of apple trees, especially the Beni Shogun variety, while in fruits the levels were the lowest. Ligol fruits had the highest content of ABA. The percentage of injury observed after a low-temperature treatment and estimated on the basis of electrolyte leakage, was shown to be the lowest in fruits of the Beni Shogun variety. In turn, the lowest average yield of apple fruits was recorded for the Ligol and Fuji varieties, with the highest in the case of the Gala Schniga variety. At the same time, a significant variability in the average weight of fruits was observed; the highest average mass of fruits was recorded for the Ligol variety, while it was lowest for Gala Schniga. Additionally, firmness evaluation of the fruits revealed that the firmest fruits were harvested from Gala apple trees, before the Beni Shogun and Ligol varieties. A significant variability was recorded in the red blush on fruit surfaces of the tested varieties, with Ligol fruits having the weakest blush. Altogether, these results indicate that fruits of the analyzed apple varieties differed both in terms of their biochemical composition and physical characteristics.

中文翻译：

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苹果品种（Malus domestica Borkh。）某些生化和物理特性与果实产量的比较

该研究的目的是确定苹果品种（苹果（Malus domestica）的某些生化和物理特性及果实的产量。Borkh），如Gala Schniga，Beni Shogun（富士）和Ligol，生长在波兰Wielkopolska地区的M.9砧木。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析显示，在被测苹果品种的果实中检测到的可溶性糖和其他代谢物的概况和含量均存在差异。在简历水果中发现最高的总糖含量。Gala Schniga，而该品种的叶片和嫩芽含量最低。电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱显示苹果果实中半醌自由基的含量最低，而苹果树叶片中的含量最高。Schniga Gala苹果树的所有器官均以这些自由基的最高含量为特征。除了，脱落酸（ABA）的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析表明，该分子在苹果树的枝条中含量最高，尤其是贝尼将军品种，而在水果中则最低。Ligol水果的ABA含量最高。在Beni Shogun品种的果实中，低温处理后观察到的伤害百分比（基于电解质泄漏）估计最低。反过来，Ligol和Fuji品种的苹果果实平均产量最低，而Gala Schniga品种的苹果果实平均产量最高。同时，观察到水果平均重量的显着变化。Ligol品种的果实平均质量最高，而Gala Schniga品种的最低。另外，水果的硬度评估表明，最坚硬的水果是在Beni Shogun和Ligol品种之前从Gala苹果树上收获的。在测试品种的果实表面上的红色腮红中记录到显着的变化，其中Ligol果实的腮红最弱。总而言之，这些结果表明，所分析的苹果品种的果实在生化组成和物理特性方面均不同。