Soils and crops in orchard agrosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many orchard soils, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at increasing soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM-related benefits, in terms of soil quality and fertility, plays a crucial role. The role of soil macrofaunal organisms as colonizers, comminutors and engineers within soils, together with their interactions with microorganisms, can contribute to the long-term sustainability of orchard soils. Indeed, the continuous physical and chemical action of soil fauna significantly affects SOM levels. This review paper is focused on the most advanced and updated research on this argument. The analysis of the literature highlighted that a significant part of soil quality and fertility in sustainably-managed fruit orchard agrosystems is due to the action of soil macrofauna, together with its interaction with decomposing microorganisms. From the general analysis of the data obtained, it emerged that the role of soil macrofauna in orchards agrosystems should be seriously taken into account in land management strategies, focusing not exclusively on fruit yield and quality, but also on soil fertility restoration.

中文翻译：

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土壤大型动物：果园农业系统中提高土壤肥力和促进土壤可持续利用的关键因素

果园农业系统中的土壤和农作物特别容易受到气候变化和环境压力的影响。在许多果园土壤中，土壤生物多样性及其提供的生态系统服务受到各种自然和人为驱动因素的威胁。在这种情况下，旨在提高土壤有机质（SOM）和与SOM相关的益处的可持续土壤利用，在土壤质量和肥力方面起着至关重要的作用。土壤大型真菌生物在土壤中作为定居者，传播者和工程人员的作用，以及它们与微生物的相互作用，可以促进果园土壤的长期可持续性。确实，土壤动物的持续物理和化学作用会显着影响SOM水平。本文的重点是关于该论证的最先进和最新的研究。对文献的分析强调，在可持续管理的果园农业系统中，土壤质量和肥力的很大一部分归因于土壤大型动物群的作用，以及其与分解微生物的相互作用。从获得的数据的一般分析可以看出，在土地管理策略中应认真考虑土壤大型动物在果园农业系统中的作用，不仅要着重于水果的产量和质量，还要着眼于土壤肥力的恢复。