While the benefits humans gain from ecosystem functions and processes are critical in natural resource-dependent societies with persistent poverty, ecosystem services as a pathway out of poverty remain an elusive goal, contingent on the ecosystem and mediated by social processes. Here, we investigate three emerging dimensions of the ecosystem service-poverty relationship: economic contribution of provisioning ecosystem services to the household livelihood mix, social-ecological systems producing different bundles of ecosystem services and material wealth versus reported life satisfaction. We analyse these relationships in Bangladesh, using data from a bespoke 1586-household survey, stratified by seven social-ecological systems in the delta coastal region. We create poverty lines to ensure comparability with traditional poverty measures that overlook environmental factors and subjective measurements of well-being. We find that any contribution of ecosystem service-based income to the livelihood mix decreases the likelihood of the incidence of poverty, and of individuals reporting dissatisfaction. We find no relationship between the incidence of material poverty and the specific social-ecological systems, from agriculture to fishery-dominated systems. However, the probability of the household head being dissatisfied was significantly associated with social-ecological system. Individuals living in areas dominated by export-oriented shrimp aquaculture reported lower levels of life satisfaction as an element of their perceived well-being. These results highlight the need for social policy on poverty that accounts for the diversity of outcomes across social-ecological systems, including subjective as well as material dimensions of well-being. National poverty reduction that degrades ecosystem services can have negative implications for the subjective well-being of local populations.

中文翻译：

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孟加拉国三角洲社会生态系统中与经济依赖生态系统服务相关的多维福祉

尽管人类从生态系统功能和过程中获得的利益对于持续贫困的自然资源依赖型社会至关重要，但作为摆脱贫困的途径的生态系统服务仍然是一个遥不可及的目标，取决于生态系统并由社会过程进行调节。在这里，我们调查了生态系统服务与贫困关系的三个新兴方面：提供生态系统服务对家庭生计组合的经济贡献，产生不同捆绑生态系统服务和物质财富与报告的生活满意度的社会生态系统。我们使用定制的1586年家庭调查数据对孟加拉国的这些关系进行了分析，该调查由三角洲沿海地区的七个社会生态系统分层。我们创建了贫困线，以确保与传统的贫困衡量标准具有可比性，而传统的贫困衡量标准忽略了环境因素以及对幸福感的主观衡量。我们发现，以生态系统服务为基础的收入对生计组合的任何贡献都减少了发生贫困以及个人不满的可能性。我们发现物质贫困的发生率与特定的社会生态系统之间没有任何关系，从农业到以渔业为主的系统。但是，户主不满意的可能性与社会生态系统密切相关。生活在以出口为导向的虾类水产养殖为主的地区的人报告说，生活满意度较低是他们认为幸福的一个因素。这些结果凸显了针对贫困的社会政策的必要性，该政策应说明整个社会生态系统的结果的多样性，包括幸福感的主观和实质方面。降低生态系统服务水平的国家减贫可能对当地人口的主观福祉产生负面影响。