Abstract

The ectoparasitoid Tamarixia triozae is a promising biological control agent of the tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, based on its high parasitism rates on different crops. The parasitism, host feeding, and transgenerational effects (in terms of sex ratio) of T. triozae females exposed to three insecticides (soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin) as eggs, larvae, and pupae were evaluated when a mixture of second, third, fourth, and fifth instars of the host B. cockerelli was offered. The concentrations bioassayed of each insecticide corresponded to the minimum field-registered concentration [MiFRC] and one-half the MiFRC. No parasitism of B. cockerelli second instars was recorded when parasitoid’s females were exposed in any of the three immature stages to any of the insecticides. In contrast, in some cases, parasitism of T. triozae females treated as eggs, larvae, or pupae with soybean oil and imidacloprid was reduced in third, fourth, or fifth instar. In most cases, the host feeding was reduced in second and third instar of the host B. cockerelli when T. triozae females were treated as eggs, larvae, or pupae. Any insecticide modified the sex ratio in the F2 generation. In conclusion, both parasitism and host feeding were affected by the insecticides depending on the concentration and on the nymphal instar of the host B. cockerelli offered.

中文翻译：

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在未成熟阶段暴露时，三种杀虫剂对拟真拟寄生物Tamarixia triozae的寄生性，寄主摄食和转基因作用。

摘要

由于其在不同农作物中的高寄生率，番茄外寄生物Ta柳（Tamarixia triozae）是番茄木虱Bactericera cockerelli的有前途的生物防治剂。当将第二，第三，第三种杀虫剂（卵，幼虫和and）暴露于三种杀虫剂（大豆油，吡虫啉和阿维菌素）中时，对三叶衣线虫雌性的寄生虫，寄主摄食和传代影响（按性别比）提供了寄主B. cockerelli的第四，第五和第五龄。每种杀虫剂的生物测定浓度对应于最小现场记录浓度[MiFRC]和一半的MiFRC。没有寄生双歧杆菌寄生虫的雌性在三个未成熟阶段的任何阶段都暴露于任何杀虫剂中，记录了第二龄。相比之下，在某些情况下，三，四或五龄幼虫被大豆油和吡虫啉处理为卵，幼虫或p后，其三叶草女性的寄生性降低。在大多数情况下，当将三叶锥虫的雌虫作为卵，幼虫或p处理时，寄主B. cockerelli的第二龄和第三龄的宿主摄食减少。任何杀虫剂都会改变F2代的性别比例。总之，寄生虫和寄主的进食都受到杀虫剂的影响，这取决于所提供的寄主B. cockerelli的浓度和若虫龄。