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Ammonium nitrogen increases Ca uptake from non-exchangeable reservoirs by eucalypt plants
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118062
Mateus Alves dos Santos , Rafael Vasconcelos Valadares , Júlio César Lima Neves , Ivo Ribeiro da Silva , Marcos Rogério Tótola , Maurício Dutra Costa

Abstract Eucalypt plants can take up calcium (Ca) from soils with nondetectable levels of exchangeable Ca2+. This suggests the operation of unknown processes capable of rendering non-exchangeable forms of the nutrient available to eucalypts. An explanatory hypothesis for this phenomenon is that soil acidification by ammonium can release Ca from Ca-oxalate and soil minerals. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the interactions between Ca-oxalate and ammonium on Ca and N nutrition of a Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid (Eucalyptus urograndis) in a soil with nondetectable exchangeable Ca2+. For this, E. urograndis seedlings (clone AEC 144) were grown in pots with soil fertilized with the combination of five Ca doses (0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.80 cmolc/kg) as Ca-oxalate, and five N doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) as NH4Cl. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 60 days. Two additional experiments were conducted to verify the stability of Ca-oxalate at different doses in the soil along an incubation time of 60 days and at different soil pH. E. urograndis dry matter production and Ca and N uptake were highly dependent on ammonium applied to the soil, but only slightly influenced by Ca-oxalate. When no Ca-oxalate was added, Ca from a non-exchangeable source was transferred to E. urograndis. This transfer increased with increasing ammonium supply, stabilizing at the highest N dose applied. Ca-oxalate solubilization in the soil without E. urograndis plants ranged from 62 to 94% after 60 days of soil incubation and the release of Ca from Ca-oxalate did not change as a function of pH. In general, the release of Ca from Ca-oxalate presented two behaviors: pH-independent (trial without plants) and pH/NH4+-dependent (trial with plants). This is the first report demonstrating that ammonium lead to the mobilization of non-exchangeable Ca reservoirs by E. urograndis plants cultivated in a soil with no exchangeable Ca.

中文翻译:

铵态氮增加桉树植物从非交换性水库中吸收钙

摘要 桉树植物可以从土壤中吸收钙 (Ca),其中可交换 Ca2+ 水平不可检测。这表明未知过程的运行能够为桉树提供不可交换的养分形式。对这种现象的一个解释假设是铵盐酸化土壤可以从草酸钙和土壤矿物质中释放钙。因此,这项工作的目的是研究草酸钙和铵盐之间的相互作用,对大桉 × 尾叶桉杂交种(Eucalyptus urograndis)在具有不可检测的可交换 Ca2+ 的土壤中的 Ca 和 N 营养的影响。为此,将 E. urograndis 幼苗(克隆 AEC 144)种植在盆中,土壤中施肥了五种 Ca 剂量(0、0.10、0.20、0.40 和 0.80 cmolc/kg)作为草酸钙和五个 N 剂量的组合(0, 25, 50, 100, 和 200 mg/kg) 作为 NH4Cl。实验在温室中进行 60 天。进行了另外两个实验,以验证在 60 天的孵育时间和不同土壤 pH 值下,不同剂量的草酸钙在土壤中的稳定性。E. urograndis 干物质生产和 Ca 和 N 吸收高度依赖于施入土壤的铵,但受草酸钙的影响很小。当不添加草酸钙时,来自不可交换来源的钙被转移到 E. urograndis。这种转移随着铵供应的增加而增加,在最高的氮剂量下稳定。在土壤培养 60 天后,没有 E. urograndis 植物的土壤中草酸钙的溶解范围为 62% 到 94%,并且草酸钙中的 Ca 释放不随 pH 值而变化。一般来说,Ca-草酸盐中的 Ca 释放呈现出两种行为:pH 非依赖性(无植物试验)和 pH/NH4+ 依赖性(植物试验)。这是第一份证明铵导致在没有可交换 Ca 的土壤中栽培的 E. urograndis 植物动员不可交换 Ca 库的报告。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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