When the head is rotated rapidly, the movement of the brain lags that of the skull. Intracranial contents between the brain and skull include meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral vasculature. Among the cerebral vasculature in this space are the parasagittal bridging veins (BVs), which drain blood from the brain into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), which is housed within the falx cerebri, adhered to the inner surface of the skull. Differential motion between the brain and skull that may occur during a traumatic event is thought to stretch BVs, causing damage and producing extra-axial hemorrhage (EAH). Finite element (FE) modeling is a technique often used to aid in the understanding and prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and estimation of tissue deformation during traumatic events provides insight into kinematic injury thresholds. Using a FE model of the newborn porcine head with neonatal porcine brain and BV properties, single and cyclic rapid head rotations without impact were simulated. Measured BV failure properties were used to predict BV rupture. By comparing simulation outputs to observations of EAH in a development group of in vivo studies of rapid non-impact head rotations in the piglet, it was determined that failure of 16.7% of BV elements was associated with a 50% risk of EAH, and showed in a separate validation group that this threshold predicted the occurrence of EAH with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for single rapid non-impact rotations. This threshold for failed BV elements performed with 90% overall correct prediction in simulations of cyclic rotational head injuries. A 50% risk of EAH was associated with head angular velocities of 94.74 rad/s and angular accelerations of 29.60 krad/s² in the newborn piglet. Future studies may build on these findings for BV failure in the piglet to develop predictive models for BV failure in human infants.

当头部快速旋转时，大脑的运动会滞后于颅骨的运动。脑与颅骨之间的颅内内容包括脑膜，脑脊液（CSF）和脑血管。在该空间的脑脉管系统中，有矢状旁桥接静脉（BV），其将血液从大脑排入上矢状窦（SSS），该上矢状窦位于颅骨内，并附着在颅骨的内表面。创伤事件期间可能发生的大脑与颅骨之间的差异运动被认为会拉伸BV，从而导致损伤并产生轴外出血（EAH）。有限元（FE）建模是一种经常用于帮助了解和预测脑外伤（TBI）的技术，创伤事件期间组织变形的估计提供了运动损伤阈值的洞察力。使用具有新生猪脑和BV特性的新生猪头的FE模型，模拟了无冲击的单头和循环头快速旋转。测得的BV破坏特性用于预测BV破裂。通过将模拟输出与EAH的一个开发小组的观察结果进行比较仔猪头部快速无冲击旋转的体内研究表明，BV元素的16.7％失败与50％的EAH风险有关，并在单独的验证组中表明，该阈值可预测EAH的发生对单个快速无冲击旋转具有100％的灵敏度和100％的特异性。故障BV元素的此阈值在循环旋转头部受伤的模拟中以90％的总体正确预测执行。新生仔猪有50％的EAH风险与头角速度94.74 rad / s和角加速度29.60 krad / s ²有关。未来的研究可能会基于仔猪BV衰竭的这些发现来开发人类婴儿BV衰竭的预测模型。