Due to the rapid decline in oceanic fish stock, ω-3 fatty acid (C18:3) has attracted serious attention and, hence, the identification of genotypes with high ω-3 content has become the main objective of Brassica napus (rapeseed) breeding. A candidate genes association study permitted us to delineate a genomic region linked to ω-3 content, offering a detailed understanding of the complex genetic mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis in B. napus. Herein, the candidate genes association study, conducted on 324 genetically diverse rapeseed accessions, detected 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ω-3 fatty acid. Furthermore, these loci were functionally characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These associated loci were selected based on their contribution to a high C18:3 ratio, and the selected candidate loci were validated using allele-specific SNPs markers in an inbred population through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These findings may contribute to improving the fatty acid composition by marker-based breeding and will facilitate the development of rapeseed varieties with high ω-3 content.

中文翻译：

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欧洲油菜ω-3脂肪酸等位基因特异性SNP标记的候选基因关联研究

由于大洋鱼类种群数量急剧下降，ω-3脂肪酸（C18:3）受到了广泛关注，因此，鉴定具有高ω-3含量的基因型成为欧洲油菜（油菜）育种的主要目标. 一项候选基因关联研究使我们能够描绘出与 ω-3 含量相关的基因组区域，从而详细了解欧洲油菜中脂肪酸生物合成的复杂遗传机制。在此，对 324 个遗传多样性油菜籽种质进行的候选基因关联研究检测到 114 个与 ω-3 脂肪酸相关的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)。此外，这些基因座在酿酒酵母中具有功能特征。这些相关位点的选择是基于它们对高 C18:3 比率的贡献，并且通过聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 在近交种群中使用等位基因特异性 SNP 标记验证选定的候选位点。这些发现可能有助于通过基于标记的育种改善脂肪酸组成，并将促进具有高 ω-3 含量的油菜籽品种的开发。