This paper investigates the waterproofing properties of two water swelling gasket materials, i.e. water-swelling rubber (WSR) and water-swelling polyurethane (WSP). Swelling tests were performed to measure the swelling ratios in both compression and free swelling states. A dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) was employed to measure the storage moduli under different compression pressures and in different saline environments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to investigate the micro-damage morphology for both WSR and WSP. According to the test results, under the compression load of 1.0 MPa, the maximum axial swelling ratio (S_a) and free swelling ratio (S_w) of WSP was nearly four times and twice that of WSR, and the storage modulus E’ of WSP was three times that of WSR. Also, the micro-cracks of WSP were much less and shallow than those of WSR under the same load condition and saline environments. Thus, the WSP specimen showed better water-proof performance than the WSR specimen under the complex submarine condition.

本文研究了两种水膨胀垫片材料的防水性能，即水溶胀橡胶（WSR）和水溶胀聚氨酯（WSP）。进行溶胀测试以测量压缩和自由溶胀状态下的溶胀率。使用动态机械分析仪（DMA）来测量在不同压缩压力和不同盐环境下的储能模量。进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以研究WSR和WSP的微损伤形态。根据试验结果，在1.0 MPa的压缩载荷下，最大轴向溶胀比（S _a）和自由溶胀比（S _w）WSP的储能模量E′是WSR的三倍，是WSP的近四倍和两倍。同样，在相同的负载条件和盐环境下，WSP的微裂纹比WSR的微裂纹要小得多和浅。因此，在复杂的潜艇条件下，WSP样品比WSR样品具有更好的防水性能。