Chile as a major international Cu producer faces serious soil contamination issues in mining areas. Currently Chile does not have any specific law governing the maximum permissible concentrations of metals in soils to protect ecosystems and human health. Chile heavily relies on the use of environmental laws of 14 foreign countries; the choice of the country depends on the similarity of its environmental conditions with those in Chile. In this study, we used an online database to compare the similarity of Chilean rocks to those in foreign countries. Likewise, we performed soil sampling and determined the background concentrations of Cu, As, Pb, and Zn in soils of the Aconcagua basin, the largest river basin in the Valparaiso Region of central Chile. The results showed that geochemical patterns in Chile have the greatest resemblance to New Zealand, Mexico, and Italy. The background Cu concentration in the Aconcagua basin (134 mg kg-1) exceeded the legislated limits of New Zealand (100 mg kg-1) and Italy (120 mg kg-1), whereas the background Zn concentration (200 mg kg-1) exceeded the legislated limit of Italy (150 mg kg-1). Due to the elevated natural abundance of Cu and Zn in Chile, international laws should not be applied in Chile for the assessment of soil contamination. In addition, we assessed ecological risk using the results of our previous studies obtained by analyzing native field-contaminated soils of the Valparaiso region. In the Aconcagua basin, Cu posed high risk for plants in 11% of the samples, whereas As posed high risk for earthworms in 48% of the samples. We suggest that future studies are required to search for other organisms that can serve as biomarkers of metal toxicity because our previous studies were limited to plants and earthworms. Importantly, As posed high risk to human health in 25% of the samples in our study. There is a need for future studies to demonstrate empirically an association between soil As and children's blood As in order to establish the national threshold values of soil As to protect human health. We conclude that there is an urgent need in Chile to advance from the current approach of adapting foreign laws to developing Chilean sovereign environmental legislation.

中文翻译：

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智利关于金属污染土壤的法规：从适应国外法律迈向发展主权立法的需要。

智利作为主要的国际铜生产国，在矿区面临着严重的土壤污染问题。当前智利没有任何具体法律来管理土壤中金属的最大允许浓度，以保护生态系统和人类健康。智利严重依赖14个国家/地区的环境法律的使用；该国的选择取决于其环境条件与智利环境条件的相似性。在这项研究中，我们使用了一个在线数据库来比较智利岩石与国外岩石的相似性。同样，我们进行了土壤采样，并确定了智利中部瓦尔帕莱索地区最大的流域阿空加瓜盆地土壤中的铜，砷，铅和锌的背景浓度。结果表明，智利的地球化学特征与新西兰最为相似，墨西哥和意大利。阿空加瓜盆地的背景铜浓度（134 mg kg-1）超过了新西兰（100 mg kg-1）和意大利（120 mg kg-1）的法定限量，而背景锌浓度（200 mg kg-1） ）超过了意大利的法定上限（150 mg kg-1）。由于智利自然丰富的铜和锌含量，智利不应该采用国际法来评估土壤污染。此外，我们使用以前的研究结果（通过分析瓦尔帕莱索地区的原生田地污染的土壤）评估了生态风险。在阿空加瓜盆地，11％的样品中Cu对植物构成高风险，而48％的样品中对high构成高风险。我们建议需要进一步的研究来寻找可以用作金属毒性生物标记的其他生物，因为我们以前的研究仅限于植物和earth。重要的是，在我们的研究中，有25％的样品对人体健康构成了高风险。有必要进行进一步的研究以凭经验证明土壤砷与儿童血液砷之间的联系，以便确定国家土壤砷的阈值以保护人类健康。我们得出的结论是，智利迫切需要从适应外国法律的当前方法发展为发展智利的主权环境立法。有必要进行进一步的研究以凭经验证明土壤砷与儿童血液砷之间的联系，以便确定国家土壤砷的阈值以保护人类健康。我们得出的结论是，智利迫切需要从适应外国法律的当前方法发展为发展智利的主权环境立法。有必要进行进一步的研究以凭经验证明土壤砷与儿童血液砷之间的联系，以便确定国家土壤砷的阈值以保护人类健康。我们得出的结论是，智利迫切需要从适应外国法律的当前方法发展为发展智利的主权环境立法。