5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an enzyme involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, a metabolic pathway in which cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are the resultant metabolites. Both ALOX5 and CysLTs are clinically significant in a number of inflammatory diseases, such as in asthma and allergic rhinitis, and drugs antagonizing the effect of these molecules have long been successfully used to counter these diseases. Interestingly, recent advances in 'neuroinflammation' research has led to the discovery of several novel inflammatory pathways regulating many cerebral pathologies, including the ALOX5 pathway. By means of pharmacological and genetic studies, both ALOX5 and CysLTs receptors have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative/neurological diseases, such as in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. In both transgenic and sporadic models of AD, it has been shown that the levels of ALOX5/CysLT are elevated, and that genetic/pharmacological intervention of these molecules can alleviate AD-related behavioral and pathological conditions. Clinical relevance of these molecules has also been found in AD brain samples. In this review, we aim to summarize such important findings on the role of ALOX5/CysLTs in AD pathophysiology, from both the cellular and the molecular aspects, and also discuss the potential of their antagonists as possible therapeutic choices to curb AD-related conditions.

中文翻译：

---

5-脂氧合酶途径及其下游半胱氨酰白三烯作为阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗靶点

5-脂氧合酶 (ALOX5) 是一种参与花生四烯酸 (AA) 代谢的酶，这是一种代谢途径，其中半胱氨酰白三烯 (CysLT) 是生成的代谢物。ALOX5 和 CysLT 在许多炎症性疾病中具有临床意义，例如哮喘和过敏性鼻炎，对抗这些分子作用的药物长期以来已成功用于对抗这些疾病。有趣的是，“神经炎症”研究的最新进展导致发现了几种新的炎症通路，这些通路调节许多脑部病理，包括 ALOX5 通路。通过药理学和遗传学研究，ALOX5 和 CysLTs 受体均已被证明与阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和其他神经退行性/神经系统疾病（例如帕金森病）的发病机制有关。s 疾病、多发性硬化症和癫痫症。在 AD 的转基因和散发模型中，已经表明 ALOX5/CysLT 的水平升高，并且这些分子的遗传/药物干预可以缓解 AD 相关的行为和病理状况。在 AD 脑样本中也发现了这些分子的临床相关性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在从细胞和分子方面总结关于 ALOX5/CysLTs 在 AD 病理生理学中的作用的重要发现，并讨论它们的拮抗剂作为抑制 AD 相关疾病的可能治疗选择的潜力。并且这些分子的遗传/药理学干预可以缓解与 AD 相关的行为和病理状况。在 AD 脑样本中也发现了这些分子的临床相关性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在从细胞和分子方面总结关于 ALOX5/CysLTs 在 AD 病理生理学中的作用的重要发现，并讨论它们的拮抗剂作为抑制 AD 相关疾病的可能治疗选择的潜力。并且这些分子的遗传/药理学干预可以缓解与 AD 相关的行为和病理状况。在 AD 脑样本中也发现了这些分子的临床相关性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在从细胞和分子方面总结关于 ALOX5/CysLTs 在 AD 病理生理学中的作用的重要发现，并讨论它们的拮抗剂作为抑制 AD 相关疾病的可能治疗选择的潜力。