Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.

中文翻译：

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母体儿童期虐待对后代肥胖风险影响的代际传递：胎儿编程视角

儿童肥胖是一项重大的全球公共卫生挑战。大量证据表明，子宫内胚胎/胎儿所经历的条件和状态会导致细胞、组织、器官系统和与肥胖相关的稳态设定点的结构和功能变化。此外，越来越多的证据表明，母亲在受孕前所经历的状况和状态，如压力、肥胖和代谢功能障碍，可能会影响到怀孕并影响那些规划后代肥胖风险的妊娠生物学的关键方面。在这篇叙事评论中，我们提出了一个新的假设和寿命框架，以提出母亲遭受儿童虐待可能构成一个重要但尚未被充分认识的风险因素，通过长期的心理、生物学和行为后遗症，与后代肥胖风险的发展规划有关。童年虐待暴露。在这种情况下，我们的框架考虑了母体-胎盘-胎儿内分泌、免疫和代谢途径以及其他过程的关键作用，包括表观遗传学、卵母细胞线粒体生物学以及母婴微生物组。最后，我们的论文讨论了阐明母婴期虐待对后代肥胖风险影响的代际传递的性质和机制所需的未来研究方向。儿童虐待暴露的生物学和行为后遗症。在这种情况下，我们的框架考虑了母体-胎盘-胎儿内分泌、免疫和代谢途径以及其他过程的关键作用，包括表观遗传学、卵母细胞线粒体生物学以及母婴微生物组。最后，我们的论文讨论了阐明母婴期虐待对后代肥胖风险影响的代际传递的性质和机制所需的未来研究方向。儿童虐待暴露的生物学和行为后遗症。在这种情况下，我们的框架考虑了母体-胎盘-胎儿内分泌、免疫和代谢途径以及其他过程的关键作用，包括表观遗传学、卵母细胞线粒体生物学以及母婴微生物组。最后，我们的论文讨论了阐明母婴期虐待对后代肥胖风险影响的代际传递的性质和机制所需的未来研究方向。