Abstract Plans are currently converging towards a return of humans to the lunar surface within the upcoming decade. This return of humans to the lunar surface will utilise the Gateway as a reusable command and service module in cis-lunar space. Here, we are performing a fresh analysis of human lunar return architectures, starting with the identification of a complete set of plausible scenarios for crewed logistics from the Gateway to the lunar surface and back. In a next step, this set is evaluated with the intension in mind to identify scenarios in the 2020's. Three prominent candidate scenarios, distinct by the basic staging approach, have been identified and analysed in detail with respect to configuration design, system trades, operational aspects and the benefit each scenario is generating. With these key points in mind, the three scenarios are compared in order to identify the most suitable approach. Furthermore, a step-wise approach towards an increasingly sustainable human lunar surface campaigns is analysed and discussed. This approach introduces an increasing number of reusable elements by increasing the technological progression. It is found that a three-stage lander architecture promises a high mass efficiency and thus this approach is investigated in more detail of system engineering and requirements.

中文翻译：

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人类登月：未来十年人类探月情景分析

摘要 目前，计划正朝着人类在未来十年内重返月球表面的方向发展。人类返回月球表面将利用网关作为顺月空间中可重复使用的命令和服务模块。在这里，我们正在对人类月球返回架构进行新的分析，首先是确定从网关到月球表面再返回的载人后勤的完整的合理场景集。在接下来的步骤中，将在考虑到确定 2020 年情景的意图的情况下评估该集合。三个突出的候选场景，通过基本的分期方法区分，已经在配置设计、系统交易、操作方面以及每个场景产生的好处方面进行了详细的识别和分析。牢记这些关键点，对这三种情况进行比较，以确定最合适的方法。此外，还分析和讨论了一种逐步实现日益可持续的人类月球表面运动的方法。这种方法通过促进技术进步引入了越来越多的可重用元素。发现三级着陆器架构保证了高质量效率，因此对系统工程和要求进行了更详细的研究。