We study the existence of forced traveling waves and gap formations for the lattice Lotka–Volterra competition system in a shifting habitat. By virtue of upper–lower solution method, we establish that the system admits a forced wave provided that the shifting speed of climate change falls in a certain interval. When the shifting speed is outside the range (except for the two endpoints), gap formations are then shown by theoretical proofs.

中文翻译：

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在变化的环境中格洛特-沃尔特拉竞争系统的强迫波和间隙形成的存在

我们研究了在变化的栖息地中Lotka-Volterra晶格竞争系统存在强迫行波和间隙形成的情况。利用上下解法，只要气候变化的移动速度在一定间隔内，我们就可以认为该系统允许强迫波。当换档速度超出该范围时（两个端点除外），然后通过理论证明来显示间隙的形成。