Regular exercise induces a wide range of redox system-associated molecular adaptive responses to the nervous system. The intermittent induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute exercise sessions and the related upregulation of antioxidant/repair and housekeeping systems are associated with improved physiological function. Exercise-induced proliferation and differentiation of neuronal stem cells are ROS dependent processes. The increased production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the regulation by regular exercise are dependent upon redox sensitive pathways. ROS are causative and associative factors of neurodegenerative diseases and regular exercise provides significant neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and hypoxia/reperfusion related disorders. Regular exercise regulates redox homeostasis in the brain with complex multi-level molecular pathways.

定期运动会引起多种与氧化还原系统相关的对神经系统的分子适应性反应。在急性运动期间间歇性诱导活性氧（ROS）以及相关的抗氧化剂/修复和内务处理系统上调与改善的生理功能有关。运动诱导的神经干细胞的增殖和分化是ROS依赖性过程。脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的产量增加和通过定期运动进行调节取决于氧化还原敏感途径。ROS是神经退行性疾病的致病因素和关联因素，经常运动对阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病和缺氧/再灌注相关疾病具有明显的神经保护作用。