Hypothetical bias is tested based on inter‐ and intra‐respondent comparisons of choice behavior, applying a hypothetical and real choice experiment. The inter‐respondent comparison commonly applied in the environmental and agricultural economics literature consists of a control group of buyers who are asked to hypothetically choose between conventional and organic beans and an experimental group of buyers who are endowed to purchase the same beans using an identical experimental design. Hypothetical bias is tested by comparing inter‐ and intra‐respondents’ (i) hypothetical and real choices, (ii) preference parameters of the estimated choice models related to hypothetical and real choices, and (iii) hypothetical and real willingness to pay (WTP). Choices in the experimental group are highly consistent when switching from hypothetical to real choices for this study's homegrown goods. However, after being endowed, the price sensitivity of lower income households drops, suggesting a house money effect. WTP derived from actual purchases is higher than WTP based on hypothetical choices, indicating a negative hypothetical bias, but differences are only significant in the case of the inter‐respondent comparison. Actual prices paid by respondents in the field experiment appear to be considerably lower than the estimated WTP values and yield a mixed picture of hypothetical bias.

中文翻译：

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在框架实验中测试假设偏差

假设偏倚是基于受访者之间和受访者对选择行为的比较而进行的，并采用了假设和真实选择实验。在环境和农业经济学文献中通常使用的受访者之间的比较包括：要求购买者假设在常规豆和有机豆之间进行选择的对照组，和被赋予使用相同实验购买相同豆的实验组。设计。通过比较受访者和受访者之间的（i）假设选择和实际选择，（ii）与假设选择和实际选择有关的估计选择模型的偏好参数，以及（iii）假设和实际支付意愿（WTP），来检验假设偏见）。当从本研究的自产商品的假设选择转换为实际选择时，实验组的选择高度一致。但是，低收入家庭在被赋予资金后，对价格的敏感性下降了，这表明了住房货币效应。来自实际购买的WTP高于基于假设选择的WTP，这表明存在负的假设偏差，但是差异仅在受访者之间进行比较时才有意义。受访者在现场实验中支付的实际价格似乎大大低于估计的WTP值，并且产生了各种假设偏差。来自实际购买的WTP高于基于假设选择的WTP，这表明存在负的假设偏差，但差异仅在受访者间比较的情况下才有意义。受访者在现场实验中支付的实际价格似乎大大低于估计的WTP值，并且产生了各种假设偏差。来自实际购买的WTP高于基于假设选择的WTP，这表明存在负的假设偏差，但差异仅在受访者间比较的情况下才有意义。受访者在现场实验中支付的实际价格似乎大大低于估计的WTP值，并且产生了各种假设偏差。