Fire engineering has developed into a mainstream engineering discipline within the building design process. Building fire codes are increasingly complex, comprising thousands of requirements regarding a wide range of topics that must be considered. Fire engineers are required to possess increasingly complex knowledge about a variety of subjects, along with expertise in their application. This has been magnified with the proliferation of performance‐based methods using a range of computational tools. This coupled with increased project performance pressures, raises the potential for errors in judgment. Errors in judgment may be caused by limitations in a given resource (e.g. time, information available, knowledge, etc) and/or neglect/over‐focus on specific information (at the expense of other and more relevant information) through cognitive biases. This paper initially provides a broad overview of general decision‐making, including the use of heuristics and cognitive biases. Examples of cognitive biases are presented which may be linked to errors in fire engineer decision‐making. This study considers several fire engineering decision contexts where cognitive biases may exist which are associated with fire code application, modeling/calculations, probabilistic risk assessments, general fire engineering practice, and perceptions based on experience. Potential measures to mitigate some of these biases and prompt better decision‐making are discussed. Those that may benefit from awareness of such biases and mitigation measures include not only practicing fire engineers, but also building developers, fire code committees, evacuation/fire/structural fire modeling developers, approving authorities, and fire engineering researchers/students.

中文翻译：

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消除偏见：减轻消防工程中的认知偏见

消防工程已经发展成为建筑设计过程中的主流工程学科。建筑防火规范变得越来越复杂，其中包括成千上万的要求，涉及必须考虑的广泛主题。要求消防工程师对各种主题具有越来越复杂的知识，以及在其应用方面的专业知识。随着使用各种计算工具的基于性能的方法的泛滥，这一点得到了放大。再加上项目绩效压力的增加，增加了判断错误的可能性。判断错误可能是由于给定资源的限制（例如时间，可用信息，知识等）和/或由于认知偏见而忽略/过分专注于特定信息（以其他和更多相关信息为代价）。本文首先概述了一般决策，包括启发式方法和认知偏见的使用。给出了认知偏见的示例，这些偏见可能与消防工程师决策中的错误有关。这项研究考虑了可能存在认知偏差的几种消防工程决策环境，这些偏差与消防法规的应用，建模/计算，概率风险评估，一般消防工程实践以及基于经验的看法有关。讨论了缓解这些偏见并迅速做出更好决策的潜在措施。可能从此类偏见和缓解措施的意识中受益的人不仅包括执业消防工程师，还包括建筑开发商，消防法规委员会，疏散/消防/结构消防建模开发商，审批机构，