The short legacy effects of growing season nitrogen (N) addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are still unclear. Therefore, a field manipulative experiment to determine the responses of nongrowing season Rs and its components to growing season N addition and reduced precipitation was conducted in a temperate forest. The results show that growing season N addition and reduced precipitation significantly increased nongrowing season Rs by regulating the response of Ra and Rh. The combination of N addition and reduced precipitation also showed a much stronger effect on Rs and its components, but the magnitude and direction largely depended on the snowpack thickness. The effects of growing season N addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season Rs and its components were mediated by different sampling periods. N addition significantly decreased Rs by decreasing Rh in early winter and significantly increased Rs by increasing Ra in deep winter and late winter. All treatments decreased temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of Rs and Rh. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how nongrowing season Rs and its components will change under growing season N addition and reduced precipitation and could improve predictions of the future states of the soil C cycle in response to climate change.

中文翻译：

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生长季氮素的短暂遗留效应和减少降水减少了非生长季土壤呼吸

尚不清楚生长季氮（N）的添加和降水减少对非生长季土壤呼吸（R s），自养呼吸（R a）和异养呼吸（R h）的短期影响。因此，在温带森林中进行了野外操作实验，以确定非生长季节R s及其组分对生长季节N添加和减少降水的响应。结果表明，通过调节R a和R的响应，生长季N的添加和降水的减少显着增加了非生长季的R s。H。氮的添加和降水减少的组合对R s及其成分也显示出更强的影响，但幅度和方向很大程度上取决于积雪的厚度。生长季氮的添加和降水减少对非生长季R s及其组分的影响是由不同的采样时期介导的。氮的添加通过在初冬时降低R h来显着降低R s，并在深冬和冬末时通过提高R a显着提高R s 。所有处理均降低了R s和R的温度敏感性（Q ₁₀）H。我们的发现有助于更好地了解非生长季节R s及其成分在生长季节N添加和降水减少的情况下将如何变化，并可能改善对土壤C循环响应气候变化的未来状态的预测。