Technologies with low environmental impacts and promoting renewable energy sources are required to meet the energetic demand while facing the increase of gas emissions associated to the greenhouse effect and the depletion of fossil fuels. CO2 methanation activated by magnetic heating has recently been reported as a highly efficient and innovative power-to-gas technology in a perspective of successful renewable energy storage and carbon dioxide valorisation. In this work, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of this process is performed, in order to highlight the environmental potential of the technology, and its competitivity with in respect to conventional heating technologies. The IMPACT 2002+ was used for this LCA. The process studied integrates methanation, water electrolysis and CO2 capture and separation. This “cradle-to-gate” LCA study does not consider the use of methane, which is the reaction product. The functional unit used is the energy content of the produced CH4. The LCA was carried out using the energy mix data for the years 2020 and 2050 as given by the French Agency for Environment and Energy management (ADEME). Consumption data were either collected from literature or obtained from the LPCNO measurements as discussed by Marbaix (2019). The environmental impact of the CO2 methanation activated by magnetic heating was compared with the environmental impact of a power-to-gas plant using conventional heating (Helmeth) and considering the environmental impact of the natural gas extraction. It is shown that the total flow rate of reactants, the source of CO2 and the energy mix play a major role on the environmental impact of sustainable CH4 production, whereas the lifetime of the considered catalyst has no significant influence. As a result of the possible improvements on the above-mentioned parameters, the whole process is expected to reduce by 75% in its environmental impact toward 2050. This illustrates the high environmental potential of the methanation activated by magnetic heating when coupled with industrial exhausts and renewable electricity production. The technology is expected to be environmentally competitive compared with existing similar processes using external heating sources with the additional interest of being extremely dynamic in response, in line with the intermittency of renewable energy production.

中文翻译：

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磁加热激活的 CO2 甲烷化：生命周期评估和成功存储可再生能源的前景

在面临与温室效应和化石燃料枯竭相关的气体排放增加的同时，需要采用对环境影响较小并推广可再生能源的技术来满足能源需求。从成功的可再生能源存储和二氧化碳增值的角度来看，磁加热激活的 CO2 甲烷化最近被报道为一种高效和创新的电转气技术。在这项工作中，进行了该过程的生命周期评估 (LCA)，以突出该技术的环境潜力及其相对于传统加热技术的竞争力。IMPACT 2002+ 用于此 LCA。研究的过程集成了甲烷化、水电解和 CO2 捕获和分离。这项“从摇篮到大门”的 LCA 研究没有考虑使用反应产物甲烷。使用的功能单位是产生的 CH4 的能量含量。LCA 是使用法国环境与能源管理署 (ADEME) 提供的 2020 年和 2050 年能源结构数据进行的。消费数据要么从文献中收集，要么从 Marbaix (2019) 讨论的 LPCNO 测量中获得。将磁加热激活的 CO2 甲烷化对环境的影响与使用传统加热 (Helmeth) 的电转气厂的环境影响进行了比较，并考虑了天然气开采的环境影响。结果表明，反应物的总流速，CO2 的来源和能源组合对可持续 CH4 生产的环境影响起着主要作用，而所考虑的催化剂的寿命没有显着影响。由于上述参数的可能改进，预计到 2050 年，整个过程的环境影响将减少 75%。这说明磁加热激活的甲烷化与工业废气和可再生电力生产。与使用外部热源的现有类似工艺相比，该技术有望在环境上具有竞争力，另外还具有非常动态的响应，符合可再生能源生产的间歇性。而所考虑的催化剂的寿命没有显着影响。由于上述参数的可能改进，预计到 2050 年，整个过程的环境影响将减少 75%。这说明磁加热激活的甲烷化与工业废气和可再生电力生产。与使用外部热源的现有类似工艺相比，该技术有望在环境上具有竞争力，另外还具有非常动态的响应，符合可再生能源生产的间歇性。而所考虑的催化剂的寿命没有显着影响。由于上述参数的可能改进，预计到 2050 年，整个过程的环境影响将减少 75%。这说明磁加热激活的甲烷化与工业废气和可再生电力生产。与使用外部热源的现有类似工艺相比，该技术有望在环境上具有竞争力，另外还具有非常动态的响应，符合可再生能源生产的间歇性。到 2050 年，整个过程的环境影响预计将减少 75%。这说明磁加热激活的甲烷化与工业废气和可再生电力生产相结合，具有很高的环境潜力。与使用外部热源的现有类似工艺相比，该技术有望在环境上具有竞争力，另外还具有非常动态的响应，符合可再生能源生产的间歇性。到 2050 年，整个过程的环境影响预计将减少 75%。这说明磁加热激活的甲烷化与工业废气和可再生电力生产相结合，具有很高的环境潜力。与使用外部热源的现有类似工艺相比，该技术有望在环境上具有竞争力，另外还具有非常动态的响应，符合可再生能源生产的间歇性。