The hybrids of porous graphene and metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in a monolithic form are widely explored in energy and environmental sciences in which uniform dispersion of stable MNPs across the graphene backbone are required. However, it remains challenging to fabricate such a composite in a scalable and straightforward manner. Here, we demonstrate the direct laser conversion of metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals to a monolithic porous graphene with exceptional dispersion of MNPs in air. The strong interaction between laser pulses and MOF crystals created extremely localized high temperature and pressure (>2,200 K, >0.3 GPa), and subsequent removal of laser irradiation led to fast cooling and pressure release that generated monolithic structure. By rational choice of MOF precursors, the particle sizes of MNPs were systematically tuned. Because of efficient light trap in the monolith, exceptional high solar absorptivity above 99% was realized, which guaranteed high solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 94% in solar-driven desalination.

整体形式的多孔石墨烯和金属纳米颗粒（MNP）的杂化在能源和环境科学中得到了广泛的研究，其中需要稳定的MNP在石墨烯骨架上均匀分散。然而，以可缩放和直接的方式制造这种复合材料仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们演示了将金属有机骨架（MOF）晶体直接激光转换为整体多孔石墨烯的方法，其MNP在空气中的分散性非常好。激光脉冲和MOF晶体之间的强相互作用产生了极高的局部高温和压力（> 2,200 K，> 0.3 GPa），随后去除激光辐照导致快速冷却和压力释放，从而产生了整体结构。通过合理选择MOF前体，可以对MNP的粒径进行系统地调整。