Nowadays, there is a considerable demand for printable and functionalized thermoplastic polymer-based materials that are suitable for fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing. Hence, in this study, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene nanoplate (GNP) multifunctional nanocomposites were thermally prepared for printing parts with enhanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capability via FDM. The related microstructure, processing parameters, and properties of the prepared PVA/GNP nanocomposite, as well as the printed parts, were accordingly investigated. The results indicated that ultrasonication realized the homogeneous dispersion of GNP fillers in the PVA matrix. The added glycerol and GNP effectively destroyed the intrinsic hydrogen bonds of PVA through molecular complexation interaction, thus broadening the processing window of PVA and its nanocomposite. Additionally, the incorporation of GNP also facilitated the enhancement in the hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite. The mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus, elongation at break, and ultimate tensile stress of the printed PVA/GNP parts, were optimized when the filling pattern was 0 × 0. Moreover, the EMI shielding efficiency (SE) of the printed PVA/GNP parts with a thickness of 2.43 mm reached 26–32 dB in the frequency range of 8–12.4 GHz, which can completely satisfy the requirements for practical applications. The corresponding EMI SE mechanism of the printed parts was also discussed.

中文翻译：

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具有增强的机械和电磁干扰屏蔽性能的新型聚乙烯醇/石墨烯纳米复合材料的熔融沉积建模3D打印

如今，对适用于熔融沉积建模（FDM）三维（3D）打印的可打印且功能化的热塑性聚合物基材料存在大量需求。因此，在这项研究中，热制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）/石墨烯纳米板（GNP）多功能纳米复合材料，用于通过FDM印刷具有增强的电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽能力的零件。相应地研究了制备的PVA / GNP纳米复合材料以及印刷件的相关微观结构，加工参数和性能。结果表明，超声处理实现了GNP填料在PVA基质中的均匀分散。加入的甘油和GNP通过分子络合作用有效破坏了PVA的固有氢键，从而拓宽了PVA及其纳米复合材料的加工范围。另外，GNP的掺入还促进了纳米复合材料疏水性的增强。当填充图案为0×0时，可优化印刷PVA / GNP零件的机械性能，包括杨氏模量，断裂伸长率和极限拉伸应力。此外，印刷PVA / GNP的EMI屏蔽效率（SE）厚度为2.43 mm的零件在8-12.4 GHz的频率范围内达到26-32 dB，完全可以满足实际应用的要求。还讨论了印刷零件的相应EMI SE机制。当填充图案为0×0时，将优化印刷的PVA / GNP零件的杨氏模量，断裂伸长率和极限拉伸应力。此外，具有一定厚度的印刷PVA / GNP零件的EMI屏蔽效率（SE）在8-12.4 GHz的频率范围内，2.43 mm的光纤达到26-32 dB，完全可以满足实际应用的要求。还讨论了印刷零件的相应EMI SE机制。当填充图案为0×0时，将优化印刷的PVA / GNP零件的杨氏模量，断裂伸长率和极限拉伸应力。此外，具有一定厚度的印刷PVA / GNP零件的EMI屏蔽效率（SE）在8-12.4 GHz的频率范围内，2.43 mm的光纤达到26-32 dB，完全可以满足实际应用的要求。还讨论了印刷零件的相应EMI SE机制。