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Phytohormone dynamics in developing endosperm influence rice grain shape and quality.
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-21 , DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12927
Xiao-Fan Zhang 1 , Jian-Hua Tong 2 , Ai-Ning Bai 3 , Chun-Ming Liu 3, 4 , Lang-Tao Xiao 2 , Hong-Wei Xue 5, 6
Affiliation  

Hormones are important signaling molecules regulating developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli in higher plants. Rice endosperm, the portion of the seed surrounding the embryo, is the main determinant of rice grain shape and yield; however, the dynamics and exact functions of phytohormones in developing endosperm remain elusive. Through a systemic study including transcriptome analysis, hormone measurement, and transgene‐based endosperm‐specific expression of phytohormone biosynthetic enzymes, we demonstrated that dynamic phytohormone levels play crucial roles in the developing rice endosperm, particularly in regard to grain shape and quality. We detected diverse, differential, and dramatically changing expression patterns of genes related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling during endosperm development, especially at early developmental stages. Liquid chromatography measurements confirmed the dynamic accumulation of hormones in developing endosperm. Further transgenic analysis performed on plants expressing hormone biosynthesis genes driven by an endosperm‐specific promoter revealed differential effects of the hormones, especially auxin and brassinosteroids, in regulating grain shape and quality. Our studies help elucidate the distinct roles of hormones in developing endosperm and provide novel and useful tools for influencing crop seed shape and yield.

中文翻译:

胚乳发育过程中的植物激素动态影响水稻籽粒的形状和品质。

激素是调节高等植物发育过程和对环境刺激的反应的重要信号分子。稻胚乳是种子围绕胚的一部分,是决定稻米粒形和产量的主要因素。然而,植物激素在发育胚乳中的动力学和确切功能仍然难以捉摸。通过一项包括转录组分析,激素测量以及基于转基因胚乳的植物激素生物合成酶特异性表达的系统研究,我们证明了动态植物激素水平在发育中的水稻胚乳中起着至关重要的作用,特别是在谷物形状和品质方面。在胚乳发育过程中,我们检测到了与激素生物合成和信号传导相关的基因的多样,差异和急剧变化的表达模式,特别是在早期开发阶段。液相色谱法测定证实发育中的胚乳中激素的动态积累。对表达由胚乳特异性启动子驱动的激素生物合成基因的植物进行的进一步转基因分析显示,激素,特别是生长素和油菜素甾体,在调节谷物形状和品质方面具有不同的作用。我们的研究有助于阐明激素在发育胚乳中的独特作用,并为影响农作物种子的形状和产量提供新颖有用的工具。对表达由胚乳特异性启动子驱动的激素生物合成基因的植物进行的进一步转基因分析显示,激素,特别是生长素和油菜素甾体,在调节谷物形状和品质方面具有不同的作用。我们的研究有助于阐明激素在发育胚乳中的独特作用,并为影响农作物种子的形状和产量提供新颖有用的工具。对表达由胚乳特异性启动子驱动的激素生物合成基因的植物进行的进一步转基因分析显示,激素,特别是生长素和油菜素甾体,在调节谷物形状和品质方面具有不同的作用。我们的研究有助于阐明激素在发育胚乳中的独特作用,并为影响农作物种子的形状和产量提供新颖有用的工具。
更新日期:2020-03-21
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