Abstract Modern trends in improving the technology of production of ion exchange membranes consist in the search for possibilities of obtaining thin or ultra-thin samples. They allow to minimize the mechanical resistance to transport in electrodialysis, increase the driving force of the process, help to create more compact electromembrane devices, they are preferred in devices that use the salinity gradient and membrane potential in generating electricity, as well as they allow to save on ion exchange material, which makes such membranes more profitable compared to standard commercially available analogues. In this study аn experimental batch of heterogeneous ion exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-41, having a thickness in the swollen state of 0.26–0.44 mm, was studied. The electrical conductivity of the membranes, diffusion permeability, and their behavior in electrodialysis were considered. Electrodialysis of NH4NO3 solution (0.012 mol∙dm−3) was carried out using 0.28 mm thick membranes. It has been established that a decrease in the membrane thickness results in higher values of the limiting current density and a longer plateau of the limiting current on the experimental current-voltage curve of the membrane. These peculiarities are connected with an increase in the reverse diffusion flow of the electrolyte from the concentrating compartments and a stronger development of electroconvection. A lesser degree of alkalization of the solution in the concentrating compartments is also observed when thinner ion exchange membranes are used.

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薄异质离子交换膜的电化学特性

摘要 改进离子交换膜生产技术的现代趋势在于寻求获得薄或超薄样品的可能性。它们允许最小化电渗析中传输的机械阻力，增加过程的驱动力，有助于创建更紧凑的电膜装置，它们是使用盐度梯度和膜电位发电的装置的首选，并且它们允许以节省离子交换材料，与标准的市售类似物相比，这使得此类膜更有利可图。在这项研究中，研究了一批实验批次的非均质离子交换膜 MK-40 和 MA-41，在膨胀状态下的厚度为 0.26-0.44 毫米。膜的电导率、扩散渗透率、并考虑了它们在电渗析中的行为。NH4NO3 溶液（0.012 mol∙dm-3）的电渗析使用0.28 mm 厚的膜进行。已经确定，膜厚度的减小导致更高的极限电流密度值和更长的膜的实验电流-电压曲线上的极限电流平台。这些特性与来自浓缩室的电解液反向扩散流量的增加和电对流的更强发展有关。当使用较薄的离子交换膜时，还观察到浓缩室中溶液的碱化程度较低。已经确定，膜厚度的减小导致更高的极限电流密度值和更长的膜的实验电流-电压曲线上的极限电流平台。这些特性与来自浓缩室的电解液反向扩散流量的增加和电对流的更强发展有关。当使用较薄的离子交换膜时，还观察到浓缩室中溶液的碱化程度较低。已经确定，膜厚度的减小导致更高的极限电流密度值和更长的膜的实验电流-电压曲线上的极限电流平台。这些特性与来自浓缩室的电解液反向扩散流量的增加和电对流的更强发展有关。当使用较薄的离子交换膜时，还观察到浓缩室中溶液的碱化程度较低。这些特性与来自浓缩室的电解液反向扩散流量的增加和电对流的更强发展有关。当使用较薄的离子交换膜时，还观察到浓缩室中溶液的碱化程度较低。这些特性与来自浓缩室的电解液反向扩散流量的增加和电对流的更强发展有关。当使用较薄的离子交换膜时，还观察到浓缩室中溶液的碱化程度较低。