This study analyzes carpool in morning commute, using a bottleneck model that allocates a fraction of the bottleneck capacity to a high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) or a high-occupancy-toll (HOT) lane. Commuters are homogeneous cost minimizers who participate carpool through a platform, either as solo driver, carpool driver or carpool rider. At user equilibrium (UE), no commuter can unilaterally lower her cost by switching to a different departure time, carpool role or road facility. Because a rider can use the in-vehicle time more productively than her driver, she enjoys a cost benefit that grows with the journey time. Therefore, the driver must be compensated more when travel delay due to congestion is longer. This requirement is fulfilled through a time-dependent carpool ratio that determines how much a driver is paid. We characterize and numerically obtain the UE solutions for this dynamic carpool problem. Results of numerical experiments show that the HOV lane promotes carpool and boosts welfare. The larger capacity the HOV lane is allocated, the greater benefit it offers to the system. In addition, an HOT lane can bring additional welfare gains with a modest level of toll.

这项研究使用瓶颈模型将瓶颈容量的一小部分分配给高占用率车辆（HOV）或高占用率收费（HOT）车道，从而分析了早上通勤时的拼车情况。通勤者是同质的成本最小化者，他们通过平台（无论是单独驾驶员，拼车驾驶员还是拼车驾驶员）参与拼车。在用户平衡（UE）时，通勤者无法通过切换到其他出发时间，拼车角色或道路设施来单方面降低其成本。因为与驾驶员相比，骑车人可以更有效地利用车载时间，所以她享有随着旅途时间而增加的成本优势。因此，当由于拥堵而导致的行驶延迟较长时，必须给驾驶员更多的补偿。通过确定与驾驶员挂钩的工资的时间依赖的拼车比率，可以满足此要求。我们表征并从数值上获得针对此动态拼车问题的UE解决方案。数值实验的结果表明，HOV车道可以促进拼车，提高福利。HOV通道分配的容量越大，它给系统带来的好处就越大。此外，HOT车道可带来适度的通行费，从而带来更多的福利收益。