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Dependence on e-cigarettes and cigarettes in a cross-sectional study of US adults
Addiction ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 , DOI: 10.1111/add.15060
Saul Shiffman 1, 2 , Mark A Sembower 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Background and aims Cigarette smoking often results in nicotine dependence. With use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative source of nicotine, it is important to assess dependence associated with e‐cigarette use. This study assesses dependence among current and former adult e‐cigarette users on cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, compared with dependence on cigarettes. Design Cross‐sectional data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study from 2013–2016. Psychometrically assessed dependence was compared for cigarettes and e‐cigarettes among current and former exclusive and dual users of the products and among e‐cigarette users who had and had not recently stopped smoking. Setting A population‐based representative sample of US adults. Participants Participants were 13 311 US adults (18+) in Waves 1–3 of PATH reporting current established smoking, current use of e‐cigarettes, or stopping use of either product in the past year who were administered dependence assessments for cigarettes and/or e‐cigarettes. Measurements A 16‐item scale assessing tobacco dependence (on a 1–5 scale), previously validated for assessment and comparison of dependence on varied tobacco products, including cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, with a variation assessing residual dependence among users who stopped in the past year. Findings Among current users, dependence on e‐cigarettes was significantly lower than dependence on cigarettes, in within‐subjects comparisons among dual users of both e‐cigarettes and cigarettes (1.58 [SE = 0.05] vs. 2.76 [0.04]), P < 0.0001), and in separate groups of e‐cigarette users and cigarette smokers (1.95 [0.05] vs. 2.52 [0.02], P < 0.0001), and among both daily and non‐daily users of each product. Among former users, residual symptoms were significantly lower for e‐cigarettes than cigarettes, both among former dual users (1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06], P < 0.001) and among users of one product (1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03], P < 0.0001). The highest level of e‐cigarette dependence was among e‐cigarette users who had stopped smoking (2.17 [0.08]). Conclusion Use of e‐cigarettes appears to be consistently associated with lower nicotine dependence than cigarette smoking.

中文翻译:

美国成年人的横断面研究中对电子烟和香烟的依赖

摘要 背景和目的 吸烟常常导致尼古丁依赖。随着使用电子烟作为尼古丁的替代来源,评估与电子烟使用相关的依赖性很重要。本研究评估了当前和以前的成年电子烟用户对香烟和电子烟的依赖,并与对香烟的依赖进行了比较。2013-2016 年烟草与健康人口评估 (PATH) 研究的设计横断面数据。对香烟和电子烟的当前和以前的产品的独占和双重用户以及最近戒烟和未戒烟的电子烟用户对香烟和电子烟的依赖进行了心理测量评估。设置 基于人群的美国成年人代表性样本。参与者 参与者是 PATH 第 1-3 波中的 13 311 名美国成年人(18 岁以上),他们报告目前已吸烟、目前使用电子烟或在过去一年中停止使用任何一种产品,他们接受了对卷烟和/或电子烟。测量 评估烟草依赖的 16 项量表(1-5 级),先前已验证用于评估和比较对包括香烟和电子烟在内的各种烟草产品的依赖,其中有一个变化评估停止使用烟草的用户的残留依赖过去一年。结果在当前使用者中,对电子烟的依赖显着低于对香烟的依赖,在电子烟和香烟双重使用者之间的受试者内比较中(1.58 [SE = 0.05] vs. 2.76 [0.04]),P < 0.0001), 在不同的电子烟用户和吸烟者组中(1.95 [0.05] vs. 2.52 [0.02],P < 0.0001),以及每种产品的日常和非日常用户。在前使用者中,电子烟的残留症状显着低于香烟,前双重使用者(1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06],P < 0.001)和一种产品的使用者(1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03],P < 0.0001)。电子烟依赖程度最高的是戒烟的电子烟使用者(2.17 [0.08])。结论 与吸烟相比,使用电子烟似乎始终与较低的尼古丁依赖相关。电子烟的残留症状显着低于香烟,无论是在前双重使用者(1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06],P < 0.001)和一种产品的使用者中(1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03]) , P < 0.0001)。电子烟依赖程度最高的是戒烟的电子烟使用者(2.17 [0.08])。结论 与吸烟相比,使用电子烟似乎始终与较低的尼古丁依赖相关。电子烟的残留症状显着低于香烟,无论是在前双重使用者(1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06],P < 0.001)和一种产品的使用者中(1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03]) , P < 0.0001)。电子烟依赖程度最高的是戒烟的电子烟使用者(2.17 [0.08])。结论 与吸烟相比,使用电子烟似乎始终与较低的尼古丁依赖相关。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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