A pushover‐based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation methodology for masonry buildings is introduced. It enables estimation of loss by various performance measures such as the probability of exceeding a designated economic loss, the expected annual loss, and the expected loss given a seismic intensity. The methodology enables the estimation of the economic loss directly from the results of structural analysis, which combines pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of an equivalent SDOF model. The use of the methodology is demonstrated by means of two variants of a three‐storey masonry building both of which have the same geometry, but they are built, respectively, from hollow clay masonry (model H) and solid brick masonry (model S). The probability of collapse given the selected design earthquake corresponding to a return period of 475 years was found to be negligible for model H, which indicates the proper behaviour of such a structure when designed according to the current building codes. However, the corresponding probability of collapse of model S was very high (46%). The expected total loss given the design earthquake was estimated to amount to 28 000 € and 290 000 €, respectively, for models H and S. The expected annual loss per 100 m² of gross floor area was estimated to amount to 75 € and 191 €, respectively, for models H and S. For the presented examples, it was also observed that nonstructural elements contributed more than 50% of the total loss.

中文翻译：

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基于Pushover的砌体建筑地震风险评估和损失估算

介绍了一种基于推覆的砌体建筑地震风险评估和损失估算方法。它可以通过各种性能度量来估算损失，例如超过指定经济损失的可能性，预期的年度损失以及在给定地震强度的情况下的预期损失。该方法可以直接从结构分析的结果中估算经济损失，该分析将推翻分析和等效SDOF模型的增量动态分析相结合。该方法的使用通过三层砌体建筑的两个变体进行了演示，这两个变体都具有相同的几何形状，但是它们分别是由空心粘土砌体（H型）和实心砖砌体（S型）建造的。对于模型H，发现在给定的选定的设计地震（相当于475年的恢复期）的情况下，倒塌的概率可以忽略不计，这表明按当前建筑规范设计时，这种结构的正常行为。但是，模型S崩溃的相应概率非常高（46％）。H型和S型设计地震给定的预期总损失分别为28000欧元和290000欧元。每100 m的预期年损失对于H型和S型，总建筑面积的²分别估计为75欧元和191欧元。对于所提供的示例，还观察到非结构性因素造成的总损失超过50％。