Natural polymer‐based hydrogel bioinks are widely used in bioprinting due to their suitability for recapitulation of in vivo cellular activities. However, preservation of the target geometry in a cell‐laden hydrogel is difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to develop a universal sacrificial bioink that allows high cell viability and a better shape fidelity in the cell‐laden construct. A polysaccharide‐based universal sacrificial bioink was developed for microextrusion‐based bioprinting and was optimized to erode in 48 hours in the cell culture medium without formation of any undesired by‐products. The sacrificial hydrogel was prepared from alginate and agarose via a microwave oven assisted method and bioprinted at room temperature to generate microchannels in the cell‐laden hydrogel or to support a tubular structure and its biocompatibility determined by live/dead assay. Bioprinting time was significantly reduced, down to a few minutes for a large‐scale tissue model (1 minute 52 seconds for a 2 cm tubular structure), by means of a high bioprinting speed up to 25 mm/s. After 48 hours in the cell culture, the sacrificial bioink completely detached from the cell‐laden construct without causing any changes in its printed shape. Cell viability in the cell‐laden construct was observed to be more than 95% at the end of 3‐day culture. This novel sacrificial bioink enables bioprinting at room temperature without affecting oxygen and nutrient penetration into the cell‐laden hydrogel and allows retention of high cell viability and shape fidelity.

中文翻译：

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一种通用的自腐蚀牺牲生物墨水，可在室温下进行生物打印

天然的基于聚合物的水凝胶生物墨水因其适合体内细胞活动的概括而广泛用于生物打印。但是，很难在充满细胞的水凝胶中保持目标几何形状。这项研究的目的是开发一种通用的牺牲性生物墨水，该墨水在充满细胞的构建体中具有较高的细胞生存力和更好的形状保真度。一种基于多糖的通用牺牲生物墨水已开发用于基于微挤压的生物打印，并经过优化，可在细胞培养基中腐蚀48小时，而不会形成任何不希望的副产物。牺牲水凝胶是由藻酸盐和琼脂糖通过微波炉辅助方法制得的，并在室温下进行生物打印以在充满细胞的水凝胶中产生微通道或支撑管状结构，并通过活/死分析测定其生物相容性。通过高达25 mm / s的高生物打印速度，生物打印时间已显着减少，对于大型组织模型，则减少至几分钟（对于2 cm的管状结构，则为1分钟52秒）。在细胞培养48小时后，牺牲性生物墨水与充满细胞的构建体完全脱离，而不会导致其印刷形状发生任何变化。在培养三天后观察到，在充满细胞的构建物中的细胞活力超过95％。