Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis, and the leading cause of cancer related death in females, with nearly 2.1 million new cases resulting in over 620,000 deaths worldwide in 2018, and approximately 6% of patients presenting with metastatic disease.^1,2 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor.³ TNBC accounts for 13–20% of all breast cancers and represents an aggressive breast cancer subtype.^2–4 Outcomes for patients who develop metastatic TNBC are poor, owing in part due to a lack of effective targeted therapeutic agents, and the mainstay of treatment has therefore been traditional chemotherapy.^4–7

中文翻译：

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积极进展：免疫检查点抑制剂在转移性三阴性乳腺癌中的当前和不断发展的作用

乳腺癌是最常见的癌症诊断，也是女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因，2018 年全球有近 210 万新病例导致超过 620,000 人死亡，大约 6% 的患者出现转移性疾病。^1,2三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 是乳腺癌的一种亚型，其特征是缺乏人表皮生长因子受体 2、雌激素受体和孕激素受体的表达。³ TNBC 占所有乳腺癌的 13-20%，是一种侵袭性乳腺癌亚型。^2–4发生转移性 TNBC 的患者预后不佳，部分原因是缺乏有效的靶向治疗药物，因此主要的治疗方法是传统化疗。^4–7